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Venue

European Stability Mechanism
6a, Circuit de La Foire Internationale
L-1347 Luxembourg
& online via Microsoft Teams

Format

hybrid, Luxembourg

Date

Tuesday, December 2, 2025
Wednesday, December 3, 2025

In cooperation with

Motivation
Geopolitical volatility and risks are on the rise. These risks can materialize with shocks to key economic variables, such as terms of trade, external or domestic demand, or market confidence, affecting economic growth, borrowing conditions, public revenue and spending, and ultimately   public debt. In an increasingly power-driven global landscape, Europe must assume greater responsibility for its own security and strategic interests. Building resilience to shocks, reducing external dependencies, modernising production and investing in defence come on top of existing long-term challenges such climate change and population aging. To address these challenges Europe needs more agile institutions, better coordination in research and innovation, and stronger government support. At the same time, debt levels are already high and borrowing costs well above those seen until before the 2021-22 inflation surges.

Organising committee: Ernest Gnan (SUERF), Rolf Strauch, Giovanni Callegari, Ermal Hitaj, Silvia Calò (ESM)

Watch the highlights of the ESM | SUERF Conference in case you missed it!

Program

Time
Tuesday, 2 December 2025
12:00
Registration and lunch
12:45
Keynote speech

Financial repression in the XXIst century

Ricardo Reis, A. W. Phillips Professor of Economics · London School of Economics and SUERF Fellow presentation
13:15
Policy panel 1: Geopolitical disruptions and risks to public debt
Chair: Giovanni Callegari, Head of Economic Risk Analysis · European Stability Mechanism (ESM)

Balancing structural spending pressures with new geostrategic imperatives

Angela d'Elia, Head of Unit, Sustainability of public finances and public expenditure trends · European Commission presentation

The European defence expansion: Drawing on "Guns and growth: the economic consequences of defense buildups"

Ethan Ilzetzki, Associate Professor · London School of Economics presentation

Debt sustainability, fiscal surveillance, and macro-financial risks

Philipp Rother, Head of Fiscal Surveillance Section · European Central Bank (ECB) presentation
14:45
Coffee break
15:00
Welcome speech
Pierre Gramegna, Managing Director · European Stability Mechanism (ESM)
15:15
Keynote speech

Fiscal Policy at Crossroads: Trade Disruptions and Debt

Era Dabla Norris, Deputy Director, Fiscal Affairs Department · International Monetary Fund (IMF) presentation
15:45
Policy panel 2: Trade disruptions and risks to debt sustainability
Chair: Ernest Gnan, Secretary General · SUERF
Daniel Gros, Director · Institute for European Policymaking, Bocconi University

Global trade in uncharted waters: between fragmentation and reconfiguration

Maria Grazia Attinasi, Deputy Head, External Developments Division · European Central Bank (ECB) presentation

Trade disruptions and fiscal sustainability

Martin Larch, Head of Secretariat at European Fiscal Board · European Commission presentation

US tariff shocks: Causes and consequences

Robert Stehrer, Scientific Director · Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies (wiiw) presentation
17:15
End of conference day 1
Time
Wednesday, 3 December 2025
08:30
Breakfast
09:00
Session 1: Macroeconomic impact of global disruptions
Chair: Silvia Calò, European Stability Mechanism (ESM)

Spending on the frontline: The macroeconomic implications of geopolitical upheaval

Daragh Clancy, Central Bank of Ireland presentation

Co-author(s): Matija Lozej

Buy Guns or Buy Roses? EU defence spending fiscal multipliers

David Sarasa Flores, BBVA Research presentation

Co-author(s): Agustín García Serrador, Camilo Ulloa Ariza

10:00
Coffee break
10:15
Session 2: Global disruptions and debt sustainability
Chair: Marialena Athanasopoulou, European Stability Mechanism (ESM)

Fiscal Inflation in the Euro Area

Francesco Bianchi, Johns Hopkins University presentation

Co-author(s): Giovanni Callegari, Ermal Hitaj, Konstantinos Theodoridis

How Can Europe Pay for Things it Cannot Afford?

Luc Eyraud, International Monetary Fund (IMF) presentation
11:15
Coffee break
11:30
Session 3: Making sovereign debt safe and sustainable in the EU
Chair: Marion Salines, European Stability Mechanism (ESM)

Making sovereign debt safe and sustainable in the EU

Ramon Marimon, European University Institute (EUI) presentation

The fund, private bond markets and the central bank: EU safe assets and an effective lender of last resort

Adrien Wicht, University of Basel

The Fund vs/and SGP Fiscal Rules: making fiscal rules credible and more efficient

Luca Zavalloni, European Stability Mechanism (ESM)

Co-author(s): Giovanni Callegari

Discussion Making sovereign debt safe and sustainable in the EU

Pedro Teles, Católica-Lisbon School of Business and Economics presentation
13:00
End of conference and light lunch
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