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SUERF Policy Notes and SUERF Policy Briefs

SUERF Policy Notes & Briefs offer accessible and concise, high-quality, authoritative and informed analysis on topical issues related to European money and finance. They make research by SUERF Member institutions and academic researchers available to the SUERF network and beyond. SUERF Policy Notes & Briefs are published weekly on the SUERF webpage. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the institution(s) the author(s) is/are affiliated with.

To submit your findings to the SUERF Policy Note and Brief series please contact suerf@oenb.at.

All SUERF Policy Notes & Briefs  are available in PDF format.

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Date publishedSUERFIssueTitleAuthor(s)
Nov 2023Policy BriefNo 744Fiscal sources of inflation risk in EMDEs: the role of the external channelRyan Banerjee, Valerie Boctor, Aaron Mehrotra, Fabrizio Zampolli
Nov 2023Policy BriefNo 743Impact assessment of high inflation on Greek public finances. Does the type of inflation matter? Evidence from a highly indebted countrySophia Lazaretou, George Palaiodimos
Nov 2023Policy BriefNo 730Inflation expectations in CESEE are shaped by the sentiment and experiences of individualsKatharina Allinger, Fabio Rumler
Nov 2023Policy BriefNo 722High Debt Levels Can Impede Monetary PolicyLuis Brandao-Marques, Marco Casiraghi, Gaston Gelos, Olamide Harrison, Gunes Kamber
Nov 2023Policy BriefNo 718Policy Insights from ICT Trade: Exploring the Influence of Regulatory ConvergenceMahdi Ghodsi
Nov 2023Policy BriefNo 717The role of demand and supply factors during a period of high inflation – the case of IrelandThomas Conefrey, Darragh McLaughlin
Oct 2023Policy BriefNo 714What drives inflation? Disentangling demand and supply factorsSandra Eickmeier, Boris Hofmann
Oct 2023Policy BriefNo 705Global decarbonization from the perspective of fossil fuel dependent economiesLars Jensen
Oct 2023Policy BriefNo 698E-commerce and Price Setting: Evidence from EuropeGeorg Strasser, Elisabeth Wieland, Paweł Macias, Aneta Błażejowska, Karol Szafranek, David Wittekopf
Oct 2023Policy NoteNo 325The European Commission’s crisis management and deposit insurance (CMDI) proposal increases system-wide liquidity risk and makes more banks systemicStefan W. Schmitz, Michaela Posch, Peter Strobl
Oct 2023Policy NoteNo 323What An Acceleration of Quantitative Tightening Could Mean For Eurozone BanksNicolas Charnay, Pierre Hollegien, Sylvain Broyer, Aude Guez
Oct 2023Policy BriefNo 696Mental Accounting and the Marginal Propensity to ConsumeRené Bernard
Oct 2023Policy BriefNo 694The external financial spillovers of CBDCsAlessandro Moro, Valerio Nispi Landi
Oct 2023Policy BriefNo 692Innovation, Industry Equilibrium, and Discount RatesMaria Cecilia Bustamante, Francesca Zucchi
Sep 2023Policy NoteNo 322Central Banks: Firefighters or Pyromaniacs in Recent Crises?Marc-Olivier Strauss-Kahn
Sep 2023Policy BriefNo 689An Unconventional FX Tail Risk StoryCarlos Cañon, Eddie Gerba, Alberto Pambira, Evarist Stoja
Sep 2023Policy BriefNo 679The current Polycrisis versus the Global Financial CrisisMarc-Olivier Strauss-Kahn
Sep 2023Policy BriefNo 675How producer price changes transmit into final goods pricesEdvin Ahlander, Mikael Carlsson, Mathias Klein
Aug 2023Policy BriefNo 674More uncertainty, but no financial compensation: Wage differentials between permanent and flexible jobs in The NetherlandsCindy Biesenbeek, Maikel Volkerink
Aug 2023Policy BriefNo 673Macroeconomic News, the Financial Cycle and the Commodity Cycle: the Chinese FootprintFlavia Corneli, Fabrizio Ferriani, Andrea Gazzani
Aug 2023Policy BriefNo 671An Analysis of Business Cycle Fluctuations in Slovenia and the Euro AreaJan Radovan
Aug 2023Policy BriefNo 667Fifty shades of QE: Robust evidenceBrian Fabo, Martina Jancokova, Elisabeth Kempf, Lubos Pastor
Aug 2023Policy BriefNo 661Forecasting banknote circulation during the COVID-19 pandemic using structural time series modelsNikolaus Bartzsch, Marco Brandi, Lucas Devigne, Raymond de Pastor, Gianluca Maddaloni, Diana Posada Restrepo, Gabriele Sene
Aug 2023Policy NoteNo 318The Quest for Deposit StabilityFernando Restoy
Aug 2023Policy NoteNo 317The European Commission Proposals for Reform of the Stability and Growth Pact: On the right track but not there yetJakob de Haan, Fabian Amtenbrink
Aug 2023Policy BriefNo 656Should we bother with sovereign sustainability bonds?Daniel C. Hardy
Aug 2023Policy BriefNo 654The macroeconomic effects from the energy transition will be large and diverseAlberto Americo, Jesse Johal, Christian Upper
Aug 2023Policy BriefNo 653Macroprudential Policy and Bank Systemic Risk: Does Inflation Targeting Matter?Mohamed Belkhir, Sami Ben Naceur, Bertrand Candelon, Woon Gyu Choi, Farah Mugrabi
Jul 2023Policy BriefNo 646CBDC and business cycle dynamics in a New Monetarist New Keynesian modelKatrin Assenmacher, Lea Bitter, Annukka Ristiniemi
Jul 2023Policy BriefNo 645How to measure inflation volatility. A Note.Alfredo Garcia-Hiernaux, Maria T. Gonzalez-Perez, David E. Guerrero
Jul 2023Policy BriefNo 640Solving the enforcement dilemma of the EU fiscal rulesPaul Dermine, Martin Larch
Jul 2023Policy NoteNo 315Privatization Effects on Central and Eastern European Enterprises: An Empirical Framework from a Bibliometric AnalysisMargerita Topalli, Silvester Ivanaj
Jul 2023Policy BriefNo 6342020s vs 1970s: echoes, not a replayMonica Defend, Vincent Mortier
Jul 2023Policy BriefNo 633Gauging the macroeconomic effects of higher carbon pricesGünter Coenen, Matija Lozej, Romanos Priftis
Jul 2023Policy BriefNo 631Impact of fiscal measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic on small-open economies: lessons from SloveniaFilippo Arigoni, Miha Breznikar, Črt Lenarčič, Matjaž Maletič
Jul 2023Policy BriefNo 628Large shock, small adjustment – Evidence from the 2021 energy crisisMatteo Alpino, Luca Citino, Annalisa Frigo
Jul 2023Policy BriefNo 627Thirty Years Of The EU Single Market: Why Cross-Border Capital Flows Remain Sluggish, Despite Positive DevelopmentsSylvain Broyer, Aude Guez
Jun 2023Policy BriefNo 624CCP initial margin models: A peek under the hoodIsmael Alexander Boudiaf, Martin Scheicher, Francesco Vacirca
Jun 2023Policy BriefNo 610Climate change risks and the energy and emission allowances market – An analysis based on EMIR dataMerel Vrolijk, Ellen van der Woerd, Elisabeth de Vogel
Jun 2023Policy BriefNo 607The use of surveys for monetary and economic policyLuigi Federico Signorini
Jun 2023Policy BriefNo 606Does it matter where and how governments spend?Ernil Sabaj, Rashid Sbia, Haytem Troug
Jun 2023Policy BriefNo 603Alexandre Lamfalussy and the origins of instability in capitalist economiesIvo Maes
Jun 2023Policy NoteNo 313Monetary and financial stability – can they be separated?Isabel Schnabel
May 2023Policy BriefNo 595Don’t blame the government!? An assessment of debt forecast errors with a view to the Economic Governance ReviewAlena Bachleitner, Doris Prammer
May 2023Policy BriefNo 591What to expect after “effortless” debt reduction in the euro area?Matthias Reith
May 2023Policy BriefNo 589The environmental goods and services sector is the keystone of net zero: Let’s subsidize it!Eric Jondeau, Grégory Levieuge, Jean-Guillaume Sahuc, Gauthier Vermandel
May 2023Policy BriefNo 587CBDC Policies in Open EconomiesMichael Kumhof, Marco Pinchetti, Phurichai Rungcharoenkitkul, Andrej Sokol
May 2023Policy BriefNo 586The Big Problem of Small SyndicatesMingze Gao, Iftekhar Hasan, Buhui Qiu, Eliza Wu
May 2023Policy BriefNo 584Euro Area inflation differentials: the role of fiscal policies revisitedCristina Checherita-Westphal, Nadine Leiner-Killinger, Teresa Schildmann
May 2023Policy BriefNo 583Commodity prices and the US dollarDaniel Rees
May 2023Policy BriefNo 580Can machine learning help forecasting fiscal crises in emerging and developing countries?Raffaele De Marchi, Alessandro Moro
May 2023Policy NoteNo 310Monetary and fiscal policies as anchors of trust and stabilityAgustín Carstens
Apr 2023Policy BriefNo 575Labour market differences and monetary policy in the euro areaSandra Gomes, Pascal Jacquinot, Matija Lozej
Apr 2023Policy BriefNo 566Dump the Hump: How Education Impacts Consumption Smoothing and Macroeconomic OutcomesSvend E. Hougaard Jensen, Sigurdur P. Olafsson, Thorsteinn S. Sveinsson, Gylfi Zoega
Apr 2023Policy BriefNo 561Leaning against the Global Financial CycleAndrea Ferrero, Maurizio Michael Habib, Livio Stracca, Fabrizio Venditti
Mar 2023Policy NoteNo 306Why there is no need to stray from the original ideas behind the Bank Recovery and Resolution DirectiveJesper Berg, Steffen Ulrik Lind
Mar 2023Policy BriefNo 548The Euro Area Great Inflation SurgeGuido Ascari, Paolo Bonomolo, Marco Hoeberichts, Riccardo Trezzi
Mar 2023Policy BriefNo 543How shocks to Chinese supply chains affect US and euro area manufacturingMakram Khalil, Marc-Daniel Weber
Mar 2023Policy BriefNo 540The Determinants of Cash Holdings: The case of FranceFranz Seitz, Lucas Devigne, Raymond de Pastor
Mar 2023Policy BriefNo 537Navigating the housing channel of monetary policy across euro area regionsNiccolò Battistini, Matteo Falagiarda, Angelina Hackmann, Moreno Roma
Feb 2023Policy NoteNo 301Consistent economic policies: a prerequisite for macroeconomic stabilityPablo Hernández de Cos
Feb 2023Policy BriefNo 533When food bites back: What quarterly firm-level data reveal about food inflationAndré Casalis
Feb 2023Policy BriefNo 532A New EU Economic Governance and Fiscal Framework: what role for the national independent fiscal institutions (IFIs)?Daniel Daianu
Feb 2023Policy BriefNo 531Austerity benefits the extremesRicardo Duque Gabriel, Mathias Klein, Ana Sofia Pessoa
Feb 2023Policy BriefNo 529The effects of monetary policy across fiscal regimesRoben Kloosterman, Dennis Bonam, Koen van der Veer
Feb 2023Policy BriefNo 524Highly Dispersed inflation rates challenge the ECB’s monetary policy strategyThomas Url
Feb 2023Policy BriefNo 520Measuring the Optimum Currency Area properties of the euro area over its 20 years’ historyDavor Kunovac, Diego Rodriguez Palenzuela, Yiqiao Sun
Feb 2023Policy NoteNo 297Risk reduction vs risk sharing: A sticking point in the ongoing review of the EU fiscal framework?Martin Larch, Matthias Busse, Mateja Gabrijelcic, Laszlo Jankovics, Janis Malzubris
Feb 2023Policy BriefNo 516A scientific illusion in risk management?José María Roldán
Feb 2023Policy BriefNo 515Green Policies and Transition Risk Propagation in Production NetworksPablo Aguilar, Beatriz González, Samuel Hurtado
Jan 2023Policy BriefNo 512Price Setting Before and During the Pandemic: Evidence from Swiss Consumer PricesBarbara Rudolf, Pascal Seiler
Jan 2023Policy BriefNo 511Eurozone Government Bond Spreads: A Tale of Different ECB Policy RegimesSylvester C W Eijffinger, Mary Pieterse-Bloem
Jan 2023Policy BriefNo 509EU fiscal rules 2.0, more carrot than stick plus greenwashing?Matthias Reith, Gunter Deuber
Jan 2023Policy NoteNo 296Finding the right mix: monetary-fiscal interaction at times of high inflationIsabel Schnabel
Jan 2023Policy BriefNo 500The use of the Eurosystem’s monetary policy instruments and its monetary policy implementation framework in 2020 and 2021Marco Corsi, Yvo Mudde
Jan 2023Policy BriefNo 498Get your bearings: guidelines for newspaper based economic indicatorsErik Andres-Escayola, Corinna Ghirelli, Luis Molina, Javier Perez, Elena Vidal
Dec 2022Policy BriefNo 497European Small Business Finance Outlook: SMEs in between crisesHelmut Kraemer-Eis, Antonia Botsari, Salome Gvetadze, Frank Lang, Wouter Torfs
Dec 2022Policy BriefNo 495Asset Purchases and Sovereign Risk Premia in the Euro Area during the PandemicRobert Blotevogel, Gergely Hudecz, Elisabetta Vangelista
Dec 2022Policy BriefNo 492Euro area’s persistent current account surplus – a reason behind a decade of low interest rates?Tobias Schuler, Yiqiao Sun
Dec 2022Policy BriefNo 488Can we have a sudden stop for inflation?Juhana Hukkinen, Matti Viren
Dec 2022Policy BriefNo 485Dynamic Macroeconomic Implications of ImmigrationConny Olovsson, Karl Walentin, Andreas Westermark
Dec 2022Policy BriefNo 481Should central banks be involved in historical research?Ivo Maes
Nov 2022Policy BriefNo 479Strategic behaviours and the policy response to commodity price shocksMassimo Ferrari Minesso, Maria Sole Pagliari
Nov 2022Policy BriefNo 477Foreign demand shocks to production networks: Firm responses and worker impactsEmmanuel Dhyne, Ken Kikkawa, Toshiaki Komatsu, Magne Mogstad, Felix Tintelnot
Nov 2022Policy BriefNo 471Environmental and Social Preferences and Investments in Crypto-AssetsPavel Ciaian, Andrej Cupak, Pirmin Fessler, d’Artis Kancs
Nov 2022Policy BriefNo 468The reform of the EU fiscal framework: an enhanced surveillance role for independent fiscal councils?Christos Chrysanthakopoulos, Athanasios Tagkalakis
Nov 2022Policy BriefNo 467A tale of three crises: synergies between ECB tasksKarin Hobelsberger, Christoffer Kok, Francesco Paolo Mongelli
Nov 2022Policy NoteNo 292The complex task of reforming the EU’s electricity market - Intervention options proposed by the European CommissionCristian Stet, Pablo Ruiz, Susan Hansen
Nov 2022Policy BriefNo 460Demystifying wholesale central bank digital currencyFabio Panetta
Nov 2022Policy BriefNo 458Immigrants and the distribution of income and wealth in the euro areaMaarten Dossche, Aleksandra Kolndrekaj, Maximilian Propst, Javier Ramos Perez, Jiri Slacalek
Oct 2022Policy BriefNo 452Are governments inflating their economic forecasts ahead of elections?Davide Cipullo, André Reslow
Oct 2022Policy BriefNo 445Fiscal deficits and inflation risks: the role of fiscal and monetary policy regimesRyan Banerjee, Valerie Boctor, Aaron Mehrotra, Fabrizio Zampolli
Oct 2022Policy NoteNo 291Monetary policy and inflation: recent developmentsIgnazio Visco
Oct 2022Policy BriefNo 434Growth Expectations and the Dynamics of EntryEnisse Kharroubi
Sep 2022Policy BriefNo 432Objectified Housing Sales and Rent Prices in Representative Household Surveys: the Impact on Macroeconomic StatisticsM. Denisa Naidin, Sofie R. Waltl, Michael H. Ziegelmeyer
Sep 2022Policy BriefNo 428Natural Gas – An Unexpected Macro and Market Driver Samantha Azzarello, Gabrielle Jabre
Sep 2022Policy BriefNo 424Information Transmission between Banks and the Market for Corporate ControlChristian Bittner, Falko Fecht, Melissa Pala, Farzad Saidi
Sep 2022Policy BriefNo 423Country biases in equity portfolios are less pronounced and less irrational than one might thinkMartijn Boermans, Ian Cooper, Piet Sercu, Rosanne Vanpée
Sep 2022Policy NoteNo 287Monetary policy and the Great VolatilityIsabel Schnabel
Aug 2022Policy BriefNo 401Allocation is key? Analysis of ECB public sector bond purchases’ divergence from the capital keyCarlo Birkholz, Friedrich Heinemann
Aug 2022Policy BriefNo 400Regulatory complexity, uncertainty, and systemic risk Maurizio Trapanese
Aug 2022Policy BriefNo 398Central Banking and Climate Change Policies: It is not Always a Positive Sum GameDonato Masciandaro, Riccardo Russo
Aug 2022Policy BriefNo 394Flexibility in Asset Purchases: A Structural AnalysisJames Costain, Galo Nuño, Carlos Thomas
Aug 2022Policy BriefNo 392Consumption-led expansions lead to lower growthMatti Viren
Aug 2022Policy BriefNo 390Dissent in the ECB’s Governing Council Increases Households’ Inflation UncertaintyMoritz Grebe, Peter Tillmann
Aug 2022Policy BriefNo 388Technology Standardization matters for Competition and GrowthAntonin Bergeaud, Julia Schmidt, Riccardo Zago
Jul 2022Policy BriefNo 383Measuring the engagement in climate-related financial policymaking: the climate-related financial policy indexPaola D’Orazio
Jul 2022Policy BriefNo 376Climate change and inflation in the euro areaChristiane Nickel
Jul 2022Policy BriefNo 375A shot in the arm: stimulus packages and firm performance during COVID-19Deniz Igan, Ali Mirzaei, Tomoe Moore
Jul 2022Policy BriefNo 374When Are “Inflation Expectations” Inflation Expectations? New Evidence From Business SurveysBrent H. Meyer, Xuguang Simon Sheng
Jul 2022Policy BriefNo 371How household savings in CESEE are related to the past and the futureMelanie Koch, Thomas Scheiber
Jul 2022Policy BriefNo 366Firm-level expectations and macroeconomic conditions: underpinnings and disagreementMonique Reid, Pierre Siklos
Jul 2022Policy BriefNo 365Subjective inflation expectations of households and firmsMichael Weber
Jun 2022Policy BriefNo 360On the psychology of inflation and its implicationsPascal Blanqué
Jun 2022Policy BriefNo 359Scarring effects of major economic downturns: The role of fiscal policy and government investmentMartin Larch, Peter Claeys, Wouter van der Wielen
Jun 2022Policy BriefNo 355Japan’s Sovereign Rating in the Post-Pandemic Era: Quo Vadis?Jinho Choi, Alexander den Ruijter, Kimi Xu Jiang, Edmund Moshammer
Jun 2022Policy BriefNo 354A Coasian Bargain: Climate Financing to Phase Out CoalTobias Adrian, Patrick Bolton, Alissa M. Kleinnijenhuis
Jun 2022Policy NoteNo 282Trade and Climate – The Disrupted NexusStefan P. Schleicher
Jun 2022Policy BriefNo 352An innovative new measure of human capital to better assess the link between education policies and productivityBalázs Égert, Christine de la Maisonneuve, David Turner
Jun 2022Policy BriefNo 351Currency demand at negative interest ratesEdoardo Rainone
Jun 2022Policy BriefNo 346How do firms respond to demand and supply shocks?Michał Gradzewicz
Jun 2022Policy BriefNo 341Economic adjustment in the euro area and the United States during the COVID-19 crisisMirko Licchetta, Giovanni Mattozzi, Rafal Raciborski, Rupert Willis
May 2022Policy BriefNo 338Mortgage debt relief after economic shocks: lessons from the pandemicEdward Gaffney, Fergal McCann, Johannes Stroebel
May 2022Policy BriefNo 336Business resilience in the pandemic and beyond: Adaptation, innovation, financing and climate action from Eastern Europe to Central AsiaLuca Gattini, Rozália Pál, Helena Schweiger, Laura Valderrama
May 2022Policy NoteNo 278Monitoring Narratives: an Application to the Equity MarketPascal Blanqué, Mohamed Ben Slimane, Amina Cherief, Théo Le Guenedal, Takaya Sekine, Lauren Stagnol
May 2022Policy NoteNo 276More than an intellectual game: Exploring the monetary policy and financial stability implications of central bank digital currenciesFabio Panetta
May 2022Policy BriefNo 327Under Pressure: Credibility of Monetary PolicyAntoine Camous, Dmitry Matveev
Apr 2022Policy BriefNo 323Is Super-Active Fiscal Policy Desirable?Roberto M. Billi, Carl E. Walsh
Apr 2022Policy NoteNo 274Stylised facts on debt and financial crisisPedro Duarte Neves
Apr 2022Policy BriefNo 317Evidence on financial literacy and financial inclusion in AlbaniaElona Dushku
Apr 2022Policy BriefNo 310Insurers’ investments before and after the COVID-19 outbreakFederico Apicella, Raffaele Gallo, Giovanni Guazzarotti
Apr 2022Policy BriefNo 308Investor demand in syndicated bond issuances: stylised factsMartin Hillebrand, Marko Mravlak, Peter Schwendner
Mar 2022Policy BriefNo 304Mind the gap: The widening post-pandemic gender divideJoyce Chang, Amy Ho
Mar 2022Policy NoteNo 272Financing Faster Growth For Europe’s SMEsSylvain Broyer, Sarah Limbach, Cihan Duran
Mar 2022Policy BriefNo 300Household saving and fiscal policy: Evidence for the euro area from a thick modelling perspectiveCristina Checherita-Westphal, Marcel Stechert
Mar 2022Policy BriefNo 291The Political Economy of Currency UnionsKai Arvai
Mar 2022Policy NoteNo 268Crisis-tested Europe – Solidarity with Ukraine spurs European identityHeinz Handler
Mar 2022Policy BriefNo 288Economists: not enough transparency? Evidence from a reproducibility exercise of a top economic journalSylvérie Herbert, Hautahi Kingi, Flavio Stanchi, Lars Vilhuber
Mar 2022Policy BriefNo 286Private and Public Debt: Some Implications on Economic GrowthPatrizio Morganti
Mar 2022Policy BriefNo 285Why the impact of the health crisis in 2020 was uneven across the euro area economies?Ángel Luis Gómez, Ana del Río
Mar 2022Policy NoteNo 267Towards a single operational indicator in the SGP – A look at the properties of the current expenditure benchmarkNicholai Benalal, Maximilian Freier, Wim Melyn, Stefan Van Parys, Lukas Reiss
Feb 2022Policy BriefNo 275The effectiveness of ECB euro liquidity lines: spillovers and spillbacksSilvia Albrizio, Iván Kataryniuk, Luis Molina, Jan Schäfer
Feb 2022Policy NoteNo 265Austrian conceptions of money and the rise of digital currencyMichael Peneder
Feb 2022Policy BriefNo 269Recovery as a springboard for changeDebora Revoltella, Tessa Bending, Atanas Kolev
Feb 2022Policy BriefNo 268Monetary policy and the green transitionLena Boneva, Gianluigi Ferrucci, Francesco Paolo Mongelli
Jan 2022Policy BriefNo 267Pledge or pretext? Lessons from the Fiscal CompactMartin Larch, Matthias Busse, László Jankovics
Jan 2022Policy BriefNo 263Pitfalls of Inflation Tolerance Ranges Hervé Le Bihan, Magali Marx, Julien Matheron
Jan 2022Policy BriefNo 262Choosing the European fiscal ruleGinters Bušs, Patrick Grüning, Oļegs Tkačevs
Jan 2022Policy BriefNo 261Firm financing and public liquidity measures during the pandemicIda Rommedahl Julin, Andreas Kuchler, Alexander Meldgaard Otte
Jan 2022Policy NoteNo 263Monetary Policy in a World of Radical UncertaintyMervyn King
Dec 2021Policy BriefNo 254What explains the emergence and diffusion of climate-related financial policies in G20 countries?Paola D’Orazio
Dec 2021Policy BriefNo 251Have Bail-in Policies Reduced Too-Big-To-Fail Expectations? Evidence from the European Overnight Interbank MarketEero Tölö, Esa Jokivuolle, Matti Virén
Dec 2021Policy BriefNo 249Monetary and fiscal complementarity in the Covid-19 pandemicJagjit S Chadha, Luisa Corrado, Jack Meaning, Tobias Schuler
Dec 2021Policy NoteNo 261Mortgage and real estate markets: Current developments pose risks to financial stabilityFritz Zurbrügg
Dec 2021Policy BriefNo 244Switching-track after the Great RecessionFrancesca Vinci, Omar Licandro
Dec 2021Policy BriefNo 241Mutual funds’ loyalty helped to stabilize ESG stocks during the COVID-19 market crashRui Albuquerque, Yrjo Koskinen, Raffaele Santioni
Dec 2021Policy NoteNo 258The importance of Private Equity and Venture Capital financing for Greentech companies in EuropeHelmut Kraemer-Eis, Antonia Botsari, Salome Gvetadze, Frank Lang, Wouter Torfs
Nov 2021Policy BriefNo 234Optimism is bad for fiscal outcomesMartin Larch, Janis Malzubris, Matthias Busse
Nov 2021Policy BriefNo 222Central Bank Digital Currencies, Crypto Currencies, and Anonymity: Economics and ExperimentsEmanuele Borgonovo, Stefano Caselli, Alessandra Cillo, Donato Masciandaro, Giovanni Rabitti
Nov 2021Policy BriefNo 220Consumption and service sector key factors in the COVID-19 trade collapseHeli Simola
Nov 2021Policy BriefNo 219How do banks propagate economic shocks?Yusuf Emre Akgündüz, Seyit Mümin Cılasun, H. Özlem Dursun-de Neef, Yavuz Selim Hacıhasanoğlu, İbrahim Yarba
Nov 2021Policy BriefNo 218When the panic broke out: Covid-19 and investment funds’ portfolio rebalancing around the worldMassimiliano Affinito, Raffaele Santioni
Nov 2021Policy BriefNo 217How Pandemics Affect the Financial System: Fintech Adoption, and the Digital DivideOrkun Saka, Barry Eichengreen, Cevat Giray Aksoy
Oct 2021Policy BriefNo 211Technical barriers to trade play the most important role in trade of goods in information and communications technologyMahdi Ghodsi
Oct 2021Policy BriefNo 208Human Frictions in the Transmission of Economic PolicyFrancesco D’Acunto, Daniel Hoang, Maritta Paloviita, Michael Weber
Oct 2021Policy BriefNo 203The reform of the EU’s fiscal governance framework in a new macroeconomic environmentMario Alloza, Javier Andrés, Pablo Burriel, Iván Kataryniuk, Javier J. Pérez, Juan Luis Vega
Oct 2021Policy BriefNo 197How to Design a CBDC? Remuneration, Collateral Haircuts and Quantity ConstraintsKatrin Assenmacher, Aleksander Berentsen, Claus Brand, Nora Lamersdorf
Sep 2021Policy BriefNo 190The Effects of Fiscal Policy when Planning Horizons are FiniteJoep Lustenhouwer, Kostas Mavromatis
Sep 2021Policy BriefNo 187Can policy boost the international role of currencies? Lessons from international trade invoicingGeorgios Georgiadis, Helena Le Mezo, Arnaud Mehl, Cédric Tille
Sep 2021Policy BriefNo 180Sovereign CDS Volatility as an Indicator of Economic UncertaintyMaximilian Böck, Martin Feldkircher, Burkhard Raunig
Sep 2021Policy NoteNo 254Fiscal-Monetary Crosswinds in the Euro AreaLucrezia Reichlin, Giovanni Ricco, Matthieu Tarbé
Sep 2021Policy NoteNo 252Forging the Future of Monetary Union – taking stock and looking forwardMarkus Rodlauer, Rolf Strauch
Sep 2021Policy BriefNo 174Low-for-ultra-long policy will not be enough for JapanHiroshi Ugai
Sep 2021Policy BriefNo 172Central banks as bank supervisors: how does this double role affect their inflation outcomes?Vasco Gabriel, Ioannis Lazopoulos, Diana Lima
Aug 2021Policy BriefNo 157Covid-19 and Capital Flows: The Responses of Investors to the Responses of GovernmentsStefan Goldbach, Volker Nitsch
Aug 2021Policy BriefNo 156More aware societies suffered less from Covid-19Alejandro Buesa, Javier J. Pérez, Daniel Santabárbara
Aug 2021Policy BriefNo 152Patchy data is a good start: from Kuznets and Clark to supervisors and climateFrank Elderson
Aug 2021Policy BriefNo 151No country is an island: International cooperation and climate changeMassimo Ferrari, Maria Sole Pagliari
Aug 2021Policy NoteNo 251Green Liquidity Moves MainstreamPatrick Drury Byrne, Sandeep Chana and Sylvain Broyer
Aug 2021Policy BriefNo 142Consumption patterns in Italy during COVID-19Elisa Guglielminetti and Concetta Rondinelli
Jul 2021Policy BriefNo 140How green is your budget? Green budgeting practices in the EUElva Bova
Jul 2021Policy BriefNo 133Evidence of a macroeconomic reversal ratePaul Konietschke, Anna Samarina, Irina Stanga, Jan Willem van den End
Jul 2021Policy BriefNo 126Intergenerational macroeconomicsGabriel Makhlouf
Jun 2021Policy BriefNo 119Six ways to bring inflation (expectations) upErnest Gnan
Jun 2021Policy BriefNo 118The reduction in homeownership rates for the youngGonzalo Paz-Pardo
Jun 2021Policy NoteNo 247Not alone: Financial support of the Western BalkansMauro Giorgio Marrano
Jun 2021Policy BriefNo 111A rising core lifts all basketsBruce Kasman, Joseph Lupton, Michael S Hanson
Jun 2021Policy BriefNo 108Can central bank communication help to stabilise inflation expectations?Alexander Jung, Patrick Kuehl
Jun 2021Policy NoteNo 245A technical toolkit to monitor a pandemic outbreak from a central bank perspectiveAlexie Alupoaiei, Csaba Bálint, Matei Kubinschi
Jun 2021Policy BriefNo 102Assessing the impact of Basel III: Evidence from macroeconomic modelsOlivier de Bandt, Bora Durdu, Hibiki Ichiue, Yasin Mimir, Jolan Mohimont, Kalin Nikolov, Sigrid Röhrs, Jean-Guillaume Sahuc, Valerio Scalone, Michael Straughan
Jun 2021Policy BriefNo 101The interplay between green policy, electricity prices, financial constraints and jobs: firm-level evidenceGert Bijnens, John Hutchinson, Jozef Konings, Arthur Saint Guilhem
Jun 2021Policy NoteNo 243What does research say about the effects of central bank balance sheet policies?Paola Di Casola
May 2021Policy BriefNo 94Climate risks and collateral: a methodological experimentPierre-François Weber, Bünyamin Erkan, Antoine Oustry, Romain Svartzman
May 2021Policy NoteNo 240What Caused The Resurgence In FDI Screening?Simon J. Evenett
May 2021Policy NoteNo 239How to prevent a too restrictive fiscal policy in Europe?Wim Boonstra
May 2021Policy NoteNo 238Monetary and Fiscal Policy: Privileged powers, entwined responsibilitiesClaudio Borio and Piti Disyatat
May 2021Policy NoteNo 237Will consumers save the EU recovery? - Insights from the Commission’s consumer surveyRoberta Friz, Fiona Morice
May 2021Policy BriefNo 88Strengthening the international role of the euroGergely Hudecz, Gong Cheng, Edmund Moshammer, Alexander Raabe
May 2021Policy BriefNo 87Banking regulation and the benefits of international cooperation – views from a banking supervisorJoachim Wuermeling
May 2021Policy NoteNo 236Europe’s growth gap: reconciling Keynes and SchumpeterFrançois Villeroy de Galhau
May 2021Policy BriefNo 86The Bewildering Effects of COVID-19 and Other Recessions on Forecast Accuracy MeasurementsBoriss Siliverstovs
Apr 2021Policy BriefNo 82The banking supervisors dilemma: wearing many hats on one headSasin Kirakul, Jeffery Yong, Raihan Zamil
Apr 2021Policy BriefNo 71CESEE’s Macroprudential Policy Response to Covid-19Markus Eller, Reiner Martin, Lukas Vashold
Apr 2021Policy BriefNo 69Crisis management of credit institutions: Senior unsecured creditors must prepare for bail-inChristine Sif Larsen, Anne Dyrberg Rommer
Apr 2021Policy BriefNo 68Banking union - achievements and challengesLuis de Guindos
Apr 2021Policy NoteNo 231The challenges to the banking sector a year after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemicPablo Hernández de Cos
Apr 2021Policy BriefNo 63The role of fiscal policies in the Covid-19 crisis: scope and limitationsNiels Thygesen
Apr 2021Policy BriefNo 61A backstop liquidity facility for a greener economyEric Jondeau, Benoit Mojon, Cyril Monnet
Mar 2021Policy BriefNo 58Next Generation EU: can we do better?Lorenzo Codogno, Paul van den Noord
Mar 2021Policy BriefNo 55Debt cancellation by the ECB: Does it make a difference?Paul de Grauwe
Feb 2021Policy BriefNo 52Pandemic Recession, Recovery Plan and Helicopter Money: A Tale from the SerenissimaCharles Goodhart, Donato Masciandaro, Stefano Ugolini
Feb 2021Policy BriefNo 48Crisis management for medium-sized banks: the case for a European approachAndrea Enria
Feb 2021Policy BriefNo 46The crisis management framework for banks in the EU: what can be done with small and medium-sized banks?Elke König
Feb 2021Policy BriefNo 45The crisis management framework for banks in the EU: how Can we deal with small and medium-sized banks?Ignazio Visco
Feb 2021Policy NoteNo 221The future of data collection & data management: Agile RegOps for digitalizing the regulatory value chainMartina Drvar, Johannes Turner, Maciej Piechocki, Eric Stiegeler, Daniel Münch
Jan 2021Policy NoteNo 218Interest rate-growth differentials on government debt: an empirical investigation for the euro areaCristina Checherita-Westphal and João Domingues Semeano
Jan 2021Policy NoteNo 217The post-COVID-19 recovery: what challenges and roadmap for the banking industry?Jordi Gual
Jan 2021Policy NoteNo 216Capital Buffer Assignments to Other Systemically Important Institutions in the Euro area – Is the Country Heterogeneity in the EU caused by Regulatory Capture?Michael Sigmund
Dec 2020Policy NoteNo 214Is NGEU a game changer for the ECB’s role in fighting the fall-out from COVID-19 in the euro area?Lukas Reiss, Maria Teresa Valderrama
Dec 2020Policy NoteNo 213COVID-19 pandemic: Perception, confusion and conspiraciesStefan Schneider
Dec 2020Policy NoteNo 215Consequences for banks’ business from COVID-19 and policy responsesFrancesco Mazzaferro
Dec 2020Policy NoteNo 211Preparing for a higher inflation regimeElga Bartsch, Jean Boivin, Philipp Hildebrand
Nov 2020Policy BriefNo 35Keynes and Schumpeter are what the European economy needs right nowSylvain Broyer
Nov 2020Policy NoteNo 204Lessons from the Swedish anti-corona strategyLieven Noppe
Oct 2020Policy NoteNo 203Tracking Covid: What Worked?Markus Guetschow
Oct 2020Policy NoteNo 202Policy revolutionElga Bartsch, Jean Boivin, Stanley Fischer, Philipp Hildebrand
Oct 2020Policy NoteNo 201Central banks’ response to the “tragedy on the horizon”François Villeroy de Galhau
Oct 2020Policy NoteNo 200Finding the Right “Hall of Mirrors”: The Mixed Blessings of Lessons from the Past for Shaping a Post-COVID FutureRobert Holzmann
Oct 2020Policy BriefNo 33Update of the European Fiscal Monitor (September 2020)Willem-Pieter de Groen, Inna Oliinyk
Oct 2020Policy BriefNo 32More travel warnings are almost like a new lockdown for the hospitality industryEric Heymann
Oct 2020Policy NoteNo 198The shadow of fiscal dominance: Misconceptions, perceptions and perspectivesIsabel Schnabel
Oct 2020Policy NoteNo 197The Great Demographic Reversal: Ageing Societies, Waning Inequality, and an Inflation RevivalC.A.E. Goodhart, Manoj Pradhan
Sep 2020Policy NoteNo 195The EU’s “Northern enlargement” 25 years on – stocktaking and some thoughts for the futureErnest Gnan and Robert Holzmann
Sep 2020Policy NoteNo 193Inclusive payments for the post-pandemic worldRaphael Auer, Jon Frost, Thomas Lammer, Tara Rice, Amber Wadsworth
Aug 2020Policy NoteNo 190Finland and monetary policy through three crisesTuomas Välimäki and Meri Obstbaum
Aug 2020Policy BriefNo 24The big debt surgeRalph Solveen
Aug 2020Policy NoteNo 186European Recovery Fund: Sceptics Q&AReza Moghadam, Jacob Nell, Joao Almeida, Bruna Skarica, Markus Guetschow
Jul 2020Policy NoteNo 185The Macroeconomic Impact of NPLs in Euro Area CountriesIvan Huljak, Reiner Martin, Diego Moccero, Cosimo Pancaro
Jul 2020Policy NoteNo 184Special Update of the European Fiscal MonitorWillem-Pieter de Groen, Inna Oliinyk, Sander van Veldhuizen
Jul 2020Policy NoteNo 181A sensible fiscal policy for the sharp rise in government debtForrest Capie, Meyrick Chapman, Chris Marsh, Geoffrey Wood
Jun 2020Policy NoteNo 177The EU’s recovery plan is the next generation of fiscal solidaritySylvain Broyer
Jun 2020Policy NoteNo 176Credit Guarantees in the COVID-19 crisis – Relevance and Economic ImpactJulien Brault, Simone Signore
Jun 2020Policy NoteNo 173A first look at fiscal dynamics in the Euro area after COVID-19: the case for a shift in the fiscal governance systemMarco Protopapa
Jun 2020Policy BriefNo 14Do contactless cards really change the way we pay?Martin Brown, Nicole Hentschel, Hannes Mettler, Helmut Stix
May 2020Policy BriefNo 11Simulating the distributive effects of the Macron-Merkel Recovery FundFriedrich Heinemann
May 2020Policy NoteNo 169Making banking integration work for better risk sharing in the eurozone: the role of cross-border banking consolidationMathias Hoffmann
May 2020Policy NoteNo 166Turning collective savings into private equity investments: The Covid-19 crisis as a catalyst for pan-European efficient resource allocationGeorges Hübner
May 2020Policy NoteNo 164Can we compare the COVID-19 and 2008 crises?Marc-Olivier Strauss-Kahn
May 2020Policy NoteNo 162How large is the coronavirus macro shock? Putting the near-term record-breaking shock in the long-term contextElga Bartsch, Jean Boivin, Philipp Hildebrand
May 2020Policy BriefNo 7Covid-19 policy response and the role of the EIBDebora Revoltella
May 2020Policy BriefNo 5An EU Recovery Fund: How to square the circle?Kajus Hagelstam, Alice Zoppè, Cristina Sofia Dias
May 2020Policy NoteNo 161Shh, don’t say it! ECB Helicopter Money: Economics and PoliticsDonato Masciandaro
Apr 2020Policy NoteNo 159Embedded supervision: how to build regulation into Libra 2.0 and the token economyRaphael Auer
Apr 2020Policy NoteNo 156Navigation tools in the semi-normal corona eraAndy Langenkamp
Apr 2020Policy BriefNo 1Regulation, Corporate Culture and Individual Responsibility in BankingDavid T Llewellyn
Apr 2020Policy NoteNo 150How deep will it fall? Comparing the euro area recessions of 2020 and 2009Andreas Breitenfellner, Paul Ramskogler
Apr 2020Policy NoteNo 149A diverse monetary union creates invisible transfers that justify conditional solidarityEnrico Perotti and Oscar Soons
Apr 2020Policy NoteNo 148Reflections on the health and financial crisisJacques de Larosière
Apr 2020Policy NoteNo 147Does It Fit? Tweeting on Monetary Policy and Central Bank CommunicationDonato Masciandaro, Davide Romelli, Gaia Rubera
Mar 2020Policy NoteNo 144Euro Area Economics: Putting the OOH into HICPJacob Nell, Bruna Skarica, Joao Almeida, Markus Guetschow
Mar 2020Policy NoteNo 142Are Standard Macro and Credit Policies Enough to Deal with the Economic Fallout from a Global Pandemic? A Proposal for a Negative SME TaxThomas Drechsel, Şebnem Kalemli-Özcan
Mar 2020Policy NoteNo 141Reforms, Reversals and the Road Ahead: Lessons from Three Decades of Transition in Central and Eastern EuropeBeata Javorcik
Mar 2020Policy NoteNo 140The Paradox of Endogenous Nationalism and the Role of Quantitative EasingMassimo Morelli
Mar 2020Policy NoteNo 138Euro Area Economics: Greenflation?Jacob Nell, Joao Almeida, Markus Guetschow
Feb 2020Policy NoteNo 131Populism, Economic Policies and Central Banking: an OverviewErnest Gnan, Donato Masciandaro
Jan 2020Policy NoteNo 126Bank resolution, the need to recognize reality in order to prepare for the next crisisJesper Berg, Henrik Bjerre-Nielsen
Jan 2020Policy NoteNo 124Economic policy in EMU: What role for fiscal and monetary policy? Which has more scope left? How to combine them?Marco Buti
Jan 2020Policy NoteNo 121The quest for policy scope: Implications for monetary policy strategiesKlaas Knot
Nov 2019Policy NoteNo 117Euro Area Fiscal Policy: The Factual, the Possible and the SurprisingDaniele Antonucci
Nov 2019Policy NoteNo 115Putting macroprudential policy to work: a case study on the Dutch housing marketPaul Hilbers, Marco van Hengel
Nov 2019Policy NoteNo 114Central Banking in challenging timesClaudio Borio
Nov 2019Policy NoteNo 111Reforming the Stability and Growth Pact: Striving for sustainability while offering room for manoeuvreKarsten Wendorff
Nov 2019Policy NoteNo 110Towards a European Governance Framework for CryptoassetsJason Grant Allen, Rosa María Lastra
Oct 2019Policy NoteNo 107Tackling non-performing loans in EuropePeter Grasmann, Markus Aspegren, Nicolas Willems
Oct 2019Policy NoteNo 105Dealing with the next downturn: From unconventional monetary policy to unprecedented policy coordination Elga Bartsch, Jean Boivin, Stanley Fischer, Philipp Hildebrand
Sep 2019Policy NoteNo 103Non-banks in the EU: ensuring a smooth transition to a Capital Markets UnionFatima Pires
Sep 2019Policy NoteNo 97Strengthened EU fiscal framework: fiscal discipline versus economic stabilizationBernhard Grossmann, Gottfried Haber
Sep 2019Policy NoteNo 96Reconciling risk sharing with market discipline: A constructive approach to euro area reformIsabel Schnabel
Sep 2019Policy NoteNo 93European Economic and Monetary Union: from the Past into the FutureJean-Claude Trichet
Aug 2019Policy NoteNo 88Mitigating Fiscal Risks from the Financial SectorLudger Schuknecht
Jul 2019Policy NoteNo 83Global economic governance at a crossroadsCarlo Monticelli
May 2019Policy NoteNo 71Rethinking the Trade-offs for Monetary Policy in an Era of GlobalizationEnrique Martínez-García
May 2019Policy NoteNo 70The impact of Brexit on growth and the public financesIain Begg
Mar 2019Policy NoteNo 60Fiscal RulesVitor Gaspar, David Amaglobeli
Mar 2019Policy NoteNo 59New Frontiers in the Euro Debate in IcelandThorsteinn Thorgeirsson
Oct 2018Policy NoteNo 45A plea for a paradigm shift in financial decision-making in the age of climate change and disruptive technologiesAngela Köppl, Sigrid Stagl
May 2018Policy NoteNo 34Modern financial repression in the euro area crisis: making high public debt sustainable?Ad van Riet
Mar 2018Policy NoteNo 28Credit conditions and corporate investment in EuropeLaurent Maurin, Rozalia Pal, Philipp-Bastian Brutscher
Jan 2018Policy NoteNo 25The New Silk Road: Implications for EuropeStephan Barisitz, Alice Radzyner
Jan 2018Policy NoteNo 23The occasional importance of the current account in an era of a global savings glutJesper Berg, Steffen Lind
Dec 2017Policy NoteNo 22Deepening the Economic and Monetary Union: the EU priorities by 2025 and beyondMarco Buti
Nov 2017Policy NoteNo 21Risk sharing in EMU: key insights from a literature reviewDemosthenes Ioannou, David Schäfer
Nov 2017Policy NoteNo 20Recent developments in Chinese shadow bankingMichael Chui, Christian Upper
Oct 2017Policy NoteNo 19Is cash back? Assessing the recent increase in cash demandClemens Jobst, Helmut Stix
Nov 2016Policy NoteNo 8Doves, Hawks and Pigeons: Behavioral Monetary Policy MakingDonato Masciandaro
May 2016Policy NoteNo 6Bank secrecy in offshore centres, capital flows and blacklisting: It takes two to tangoDonato Masciandaro
Apr 2016Policy NoteNo 5Some seeming paradoxes or interesting points of Russia’s economy and banking sectorStephan Barisitz
Dec 2015Policy NoteNo 3Cash without future? Future without cash? A wider viewChristian Beer, Urs W. Birchler, Ernest Gnan
Sep 2015Policy NoteNo 1What is money and who says so?Peter R. Fisher

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