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SUERF Policy Notes and SUERF Policy Briefs

SUERF Policy Notes & Briefs offer accessible and concise, high-quality, authoritative and informed analysis on topical issues related to European money and finance. They make research by SUERF Member institutions and academic researchers available to the SUERF network and beyond. SUERF Policy Notes & Briefs are published weekly on the SUERF webpage. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the institution(s) the author(s) is/are affiliated with.

To submit your findings to the SUERF Policy Note and Brief series please contact suerf@oenb.at.

All SUERF Policy Notes & Briefs  are available in PDF format.

Stay always up to date and subscribe to the monthly SUERF Policy Notes & Briefs Newsletter!


Date publishedSUERFIssueTitleAuthor(s)
May 2023Policy BriefNo 596Reforming the Monetary System for the Digital AgeBurkhard Drees, Sunil Sharma
May 2023Policy BriefNo 590Is digitalisation the gamechanger it promised to be for firms’ productivity growth?Robert Anderton, Vasco Botelho, Paul Reimers
May 2023Policy BriefNo 588The digital euro: a precautionary device, not a deus-ex-machinaIgnazio Angeloni
May 2023Policy BriefNo 587CBDC Policies in Open EconomiesMichael Kumhof, Marco Pinchetti, Phurichai Rungcharoenkitkul, Andrej Sokol
Apr 2023Policy NoteNo 309The Digital Euro (CBDC) as a Monetary Anchor of the Financial SystemPeter Bofinger, Thomas Haas
Apr 2023Policy NoteNo 307Back to normal? Balance sheet size and interest rate controlIsabel Schnabel
Feb 2023Policy BriefNo 527Central Bank digital currencies in Africa: catching upEnrique Alberola, Ilaria Mattei
Feb 2023Policy BriefNo 526Consumption Inequality in the Digital AgeKai Arvai, Katja Mann
Nov 2022Policy BriefNo 476Finance in Africa 2022: Navigating the financial landscape in turbulent timesColin Bermingham, Barbara Marchitto, Debora Revoltella
Nov 2022Policy BriefNo 475Do stablecoins alter the monetary policy transmission mechanism?Pietro Cova, Alessandro Notarpietro, Patrizio Pagano, Massimiliano Pisani
Nov 2022Policy BriefNo 460Demystifying wholesale central bank digital currencyFabio Panetta
Oct 2022Policy BriefNo 456Digital players vs. traditional banks: Fierce competition, higher concentration or a trend towards platformization?Laurent Clerc, Timothée Dufour, Pierre Harguindeguy, Stefano Ungaro
Oct 2022Policy BriefNo 441The digital revolution in banking: The old, the new and the uglyJosé María Roldán
Oct 2022Policy BriefNo 439The potential of central bank digital currencies for cross-border paymentsAnneke Kosse, Ilaria Mattei
Sep 2022Policy BriefNo 426Privacy and Central Bank Digital Currency in the Digital EconomyToni Ahnert, Peter Hoffmann, Cyril Monnet
Sep 2022Policy BriefNo 408What can CBDC designers learn from asking potential users? Results from a survey of Austrian residentsSvetlana Abramova, Rainer Böhme, Helmut Elsinger, Helmut Stix, Martin Summer
Aug 2022Policy NoteNo 286The optimal quantity of CBDC in the euro areaLorenzo Burlon, Carlos Montes-Galdón, Manuel A. Muñoz, Frank Smets
Aug 2022Policy BriefNo 389Digital Endowments and Comparative AdvantageDario Guarascio, Roman Stöllinger
Jul 2022Policy BriefNo 367The Eurosystem’s bond market share at an all-time high: what does it mean for repo markets?Tomás Carrera de Souza, Tom Hudepohl
Jun 2022Policy BriefNo 360On the psychology of inflation and its implicationsPascal Blanqué
Jun 2022Policy BriefNo 351Currency demand at negative interest ratesEdoardo Rainone
Jun 2022Policy NoteNo 281CBDC and Bank Intermediation in the Euro AreaRamón Adalid, Álvaro Álvarez-Blázquez, Katrin Assenmacher, et al.
May 2022Policy NoteNo 277What business model for the Digital Euro? Lessons from Brazil and SwitzerlandPeter Bofinger, Thomas Haas
May 2022Policy NoteNo 276More than an intellectual game: Exploring the monetary policy and financial stability implications of central bank digital currenciesFabio Panetta
May 2022Policy BriefNo 329Digital payment behaviour differs significantly across countriesJakob Mølgaard Heisel, Marcus Clausen Brock
Apr 2022Policy BriefNo 321Would a retail CBDC achieve its intended purpose?Romain Baeriswyl, Samuel Reynard, Alexandre Swoboda
Apr 2022Policy NoteNo 275Balancing public and private interests: Crypto, stablecoin and central bank digital currencyWilko Bolt, Vera Lubbersen, Peter Wierts
Mar 2022Policy BriefNo 294Preparing for the Financial System of the FutureLael Brainard
Mar 2022Policy BriefNo 290Should monetary finance remain taboo?Itai Agur, Damien Capelle, Giovanni Dell’Ariccia, Damiano Sandri
Feb 2022Policy BriefNo 277Money and psychology of inflation: an investor viewPascal Blanqué
Feb 2022Policy BriefNo 274Regulating big tech in the public interestAgustín Carstens
Feb 2022Policy BriefNo 273Revisiting the Properties of MoneyIsaiah Hull, Or Sattath
Feb 2022Policy NoteNo 265Austrian conceptions of money and the rise of digital currencyMichael Peneder
Feb 2022Policy BriefNo 270Population ageing and the digital divideSebastian Doerr, Jon Frost, Leonardo Gambacorta, Han Qiu
Dec 2021Policy BriefNo 253Money market funds in the euro area: Vulnerabilities and the role of macroprudential policyTom Hudepohl, Jeroen Huiting, Annelie Petersen
Dec 2021Policy BriefNo 250Big techs in finance: a new trade-off between efficiency and privacyFrederic Boissay, Torsten Ehlers, Leonardo Gambacorta, Hyun Song Shin
Nov 2021Policy BriefNo 227Did liquidity limits amplify money market fund redemptions during the COVID crisis?Peter Dunne, Raffaele Giuliana
Nov 2021Policy BriefNo 222Central Bank Digital Currencies, Crypto Currencies, and Anonymity: Economics and ExperimentsEmanuele Borgonovo, Stefano Caselli, Alessandra Cillo, Donato Masciandaro, Giovanni Rabitti
Nov 2021Policy BriefNo 217How Pandemics Affect the Financial System: Fintech Adoption, and the Digital DivideOrkun Saka, Barry Eichengreen, Cevat Giray Aksoy
Oct 2021Policy BriefNo 210Exploring DORA - the Digital Operational Resilience Act and its impact on banks and their supervisorsJoachim Wuermeling
Oct 2021Policy BriefNo 209The one trillion euro CBDC: Issuing a digital euro without disrupting the bank lending channelPaolo Fegatelli
Oct 2021Policy BriefNo 197How to Design a CBDC? Remuneration, Collateral Haircuts and Quantity ConstraintsKatrin Assenmacher, Aleksander Berentsen, Claus Brand, Nora Lamersdorf
Aug 2021Policy BriefNo 150Digital euro has potential in the NetherlandsMichiel Bijlsma, Carin van der Cruijsen, Nicole Jonker and Jelmer Reijerink
Aug 2021Policy BriefNo 149Regulation of crypto-assets is a must for governments and central banksDaniel Daianu
Aug 2021Policy BriefNo 146Digital payments and European sovereigntyBurkhard Balz
Aug 2021Policy NoteNo 250Roads for the future: Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) and Innovative PaymentsFrançois Villeroy de Galhau
Jul 2021Policy BriefNo 138Three questions on the outlook for bankingCarolyn Rogers
Jul 2021Policy BriefNo 134Future Challenges: Old Problems in New ShapesJosé María Roldán
Jul 2021Policy NoteNo 248The Future of BitcoinWim Boonstra
Jun 2021Policy BriefNo 119Six ways to bring inflation (expectations) upErnest Gnan
Jun 2021Policy BriefNo 114How to issue a privacy-preserving central bank digital currencyChristian Grothoff, Thomas Moser
May 2021Policy NoteNo 242Does the upturn in Eurozone money growth imply 5% inflation?Tim Congdon
May 2021Policy NoteNo 241Digital Disruption: The Inevitable Rise of CBDCChetan Ahya, Derrick Kam, Julian Richers
May 2021Policy BriefNo 95A digital euro to meet the expectations of EuropeansFabio Panetta
May 2021Policy NoteNo 240What Caused The Resurgence In FDI Screening?Simon J. Evenett
May 2021Policy BriefNo 87Banking regulation and the benefits of international cooperation – views from a banking supervisorJoachim Wuermeling
May 2021Policy BriefNo 85Navigating the Digital Transition, Maintaining a Stable Payment SystemDenis Beau
Apr 2021Policy NoteNo 231The challenges to the banking sector a year after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemicPablo Hernández de Cos
Mar 2021Policy BriefNo 60EU – US: Towards renewed transatlantic cooperation?Maartje Wijffelaars, Philip Marey
Mar 2021Policy NoteNo 228CBDC: Where is the unique selling proposition?Peter Bofinger,Thomas Haas
Feb 2021Policy BriefNo 52Pandemic Recession, Recovery Plan and Helicopter Money: A Tale from the SerenissimaCharles Goodhart, Donato Masciandaro, Stefano Ugolini
Feb 2021Policy BriefNo 51Digital technologies: a source of a productivity rebound?Gilbert Cette, Sandra Nevoux, Loriane Py
Feb 2021Policy BriefNo 50The rise of digital watchersTill Ebner, Thomas Nellen, Jörn Tenhofen
Jan 2021Policy NoteNo 220Is the 100% Reserve Reform Finally Getting Topical?Christian Pfister
Dec 2020Policy BriefNo 39Thriving in a post-pandemic worldDebora Revoltella, Pedro de Lima
Oct 2020Policy NoteNo 202Policy revolutionElga Bartsch, Jean Boivin, Stanley Fischer, Philipp Hildebrand
Sep 2020Policy NoteNo 195The EU’s “Northern enlargement” 25 years on – stocktaking and some thoughts for the futureErnest Gnan and Robert Holzmann
Sep 2020Policy NoteNo 193Inclusive payments for the post-pandemic worldRaphael Auer, Jon Frost, Thomas Lammer, Tara Rice, Amber Wadsworth
Jul 2020Policy NoteNo 183Retail Central Bank Digital Currencies: means of payment vs store of valueSantiago Fernández de Lis, Pablo Urbiola
Jul 2020Policy NoteNo 182Europe’s answer to Libra – potential and prerequisites of a programmable euroAndreas Krautscheid, Tobias Tenner, Siegfried Utzig
Jun 2020Policy BriefNo 15There is nothing magic in central bank moneyJean Barthélemy, Adrian Penalver
Jun 2020Policy BriefNo 14Do contactless cards really change the way we pay?Martin Brown, Nicole Hentschel, Hannes Mettler, Helmut Stix
May 2020Policy BriefNo 12An ECB digital currency – a flight of fancy?Yves Mersch
May 2020Policy NoteNo 171US dollar funding markets during the Covid-19 crisis – the international dimensionEgemen Eren, Andreas Schrimpf, Vladyslav Sushko
May 2020Policy NoteNo 170International inflation co-movementsPhilip R. Lane
May 2020Policy NoteNo 168Cross-border consolidation in the European banking sector: between dreams and realityJan Van Hove
May 2020Policy NoteNo 167Services are the next – and fast approaching – frontier of global trade and financial services is a sector leading the wayRobert Koopman
May 2020Policy NoteNo 165Monetary policy implications of digital currenciesKatrin Assenmacher
May 2020Policy NoteNo 161Shh, don’t say it! ECB Helicopter Money: Economics and PoliticsDonato Masciandaro
Apr 2020Policy NoteNo 158Overview of Central Bank Digital Currency - State of PlayJohannes Duong
Apr 2020Policy NoteNo 159Embedded supervision: how to build regulation into Libra 2.0 and the token economyRaphael Auer
Apr 2020Policy BriefNo 2Politics and Economics of Global CurrenciesPaul De Grauwe
Apr 2020Policy NoteNo 148Reflections on the health and financial crisisJacques de Larosière
Mar 2020Policy NoteNo 143Central Bank Digital Currency: A PrimerChristian Pfister
Feb 2020Policy NoteNo 129How Could Central Bank Digital Currencies Be Designed?Itai Agur, Anil Ari, Giovanni Dell’Ariccia
Nov 2019Policy NoteNo 116Following “Libra” German banks say: The economy needs a programmable digital euroAndreas Krautscheid, Tobias Tenner, Siegfried Utzig
Nov 2019Policy NoteNo 110Towards a European Governance Framework for CryptoassetsJason Grant Allen, Rosa María Lastra
Oct 2019Policy NoteNo 108Libra – a view from EuropeHeike Mai
Oct 2019Policy NoteNo 104On Crypto AssetsAndrei Kirilenko
Sep 2019Policy NoteNo 101Central bank digital currency: institutional issuesWim Boonstra
Sep 2019Policy NoteNo 95Controlling CBDC through tiered remunerationUlrich Bindseil
Aug 2019Policy NoteNo 90Restricting or Abolishing Cash: An Effective Instrument for Eliminating the Shadow Economy, Corruption and Terrorism?Friedrich Schneider
Aug 2019Policy NoteNo 89Central banks still run money creationDaniel Daianu
Jul 2019Policy NoteNo 85Libra: A new competitor among international currencies?Beat Weber
Apr 2019Policy NoteNo 67What is „Modern Money Theory“ (MMT)?Beat Weber
Feb 2019Policy NoteNo 57Creating an enabling environment for innovation and digitalisationDebora Revoltella, Tim Bending, Christoph Weiss, Philipp-Bastian Brutscher
Aug 2018Policy NoteNo 4021st century cash: Central banking, technological innovation and digital currenciesFabio Panetta
Apr 2018Policy NoteNo 31Opportunities and challenges for banking regulation and supervision in the digital ageJosé Manuel González-Páramo
Oct 2017Policy NoteNo 19Is cash back? Assessing the recent increase in cash demandClemens Jobst, Helmut Stix
Jul 2017Policy NoteNo 14Banks or platforms: The digital futurePatricia Jackson
Jun 2017Policy NoteNo 13The political economy of central banking in the digital ageSir Paul Tucker
Feb 2016Policy NoteNo 4Gender diversity and monetary policyDonato Masciandaro, Paola Profeta, Davide Romelli
Dec 2015Policy NoteNo 3Cash without future? Future without cash? A wider viewChristian Beer, Urs W. Birchler, Ernest Gnan

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