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SUERF Policy Notes and SUERF Policy Briefs

SUERF Policy Notes & Briefs offer accessible and concise, high-quality, authoritative and informed analysis on topical issues related to European money and finance. They make research by SUERF Member institutions and academic researchers available to the SUERF network and beyond. SUERF Policy Notes & Briefs are published weekly on the SUERF webpage. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the institution(s) the author(s) is/are affiliated with.

To submit your findings to the SUERF Policy Note and Brief series please contact suerf@oenb.at.

All SUERF Policy Notes & Briefs  are available in PDF format.

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Date publishedSUERFIssueTitleAuthor(s)
Nov 2023Policy BriefNo 739How usable are capital buffers? An empirical analysis of the interaction between capital buffers and the leverage ratio since 2016Georg Leitner, Michal Dvořák, Alessandro Magi, Balázs Zsámboki
Nov 2023Policy BriefNo 736Banks’ credit forecasts excel at rank ordering but miss the evolution of lossesMartin Birn, Renzo Corrias, Christian Schmieder, Nikola Tarashev
Nov 2023Policy BriefNo 732Quantitative easing, accounting and prudential frameworks, and bank lendingAndrea Orame, Rodney Ramcharan, Roberto Robatto
Nov 2023Policy BriefNo 719Should credit lines be regulated?Jose E. Gutierrez
Oct 2023Policy BriefNo 713The state-dependent impact of changes in bank capital requirementsJan Hannes Lang, Dominik Menno
Oct 2023Policy NoteNo 325The European Commission’s crisis management and deposit insurance (CMDI) proposal increases system-wide liquidity risk and makes more banks systemicStefan W. Schmitz, Michaela Posch, Peter Strobl
Sep 2023Policy NoteNo 322Central Banks: Firefighters or Pyromaniacs in Recent Crises?Marc-Olivier Strauss-Kahn
Sep 2023Policy BriefNo 681To use or not to use? Capital buffers and lending during a crisisVítor Oliveira, Diogo Serra
Aug 2023Policy BriefNo 670How to Design Carbon Pricing Under Financial Constraints? Revisiting Pigouvian Taxation when Borrowers are “Too Levered for Pigou”Robin Döttling, Magdalena Rola-Janicka
Aug 2023Policy BriefNo 662Adoption, Fragility and Regulation of StablecoinsChristoph Bertsch
Aug 2023Policy BriefNo 660Central clearing in turbulent times: frontiers in regulation and oversightFabio Panetta
Aug 2023Policy BriefNo 648 European bank performance – as good as it gets, despite recent wobbles?Jan Schildbach
Aug 2023Policy BriefNo 647Technology to combat climate change: where is investment flowing?Giulio Cornelli, Jon Frost, Leonardo Gambacorta, Ouarda Merrouche
Jul 2023Policy BriefNo 629Macroprudential policy is a key defense line against global financial shocksKatharina Bergant, Francesco Grigoli, Niels-Jakob Hansen, Damiano Sandri
Jul 2023Policy BriefNo 627Thirty Years Of The EU Single Market: Why Cross-Border Capital Flows Remain Sluggish, Despite Positive DevelopmentsSylvain Broyer, Aude Guez
Jul 2023Policy BriefNo 626Macroprudential policy in the high inflation environment: Sailing uncharted watersCarsten Detken, Ján Klacso, Reiner Martin
Jun 2023Policy BriefNo 614After the crypto-winter, the spring of crypto-assets regulation and supervisionDenis Beau
Jun 2023Policy BriefNo 608Is the EU Money Market Fund Regulation fit for purpose? Lessons from the COVID-19 turmoilLaura-Dona Capotă, Michael Grill, Luis Molestina Vivar, Niklas Schmitz, Christian Weistroffer
May 2023Policy BriefNo 596Reforming the Monetary System for the Digital AgeBurkhard Drees, Sunil Sharma
Apr 2023Policy BriefNo 569Window dressing of Regulatory Metrics: Evidence from Repo MarketsClaudio Bassi, Markus Behn, Michael Grill, Martin Waibel
Apr 2023Policy BriefNo 563Regulators as Risk Managers: Macroprudential Policy through a Risk Management LensDaniel Dimitrov, Sweder van Wijnbergen
Apr 2023Policy BriefNo 561Leaning against the Global Financial CycleAndrea Ferrero, Maurizio Michael Habib, Livio Stracca, Fabrizio Venditti
Mar 2023Policy NoteNo 306Why there is no need to stray from the original ideas behind the Bank Recovery and Resolution DirectiveJesper Berg, Steffen Ulrik Lind
Feb 2023Policy BriefNo 522Macroprudential FX Regulations: Sacrificing Small Firms for Stability?María Alejandra Amado
Feb 2023Policy BriefNo 519Borrower-based regulations push housing demand towards the suburbsRikke Rhode Nissen, Alessandro Tang-Andersen Martinello, Simon Juul Hviid, Christian Sinding Bentzen
Feb 2023Policy NoteNo 299Convergence in GDP per capita in the euro area and the EU at the time of COVID-19Mirko Licchetta, Giovanni Mattozz
Feb 2023Policy BriefNo 516A scientific illusion in risk management?José María Roldán
Jan 2023Policy BriefNo 505Adjusted regulation can improve capital buffer usability Ianna Georgieva Yordanova
Jan 2023Policy BriefNo 504Introduction of the composite indicator of cyclical systemic risk in Croatia: possibilities and limitationsTihana Škrinjarić
Jan 2023Policy NoteNo 295The interplay between too big to fail policies and why it mattersAndré Ebner, Christiane Westhoff
Jan 2023Policy BriefNo 501Going native? How crypto technology may help regulatorsClaudia Biancotti
Dec 2022Policy NoteNo 294A modern credit guidance regime for the green transitionKatie Kedward, Daniela Gabor, Josh Ryan-Collins
Dec 2022Policy NoteNo 293The EU macroprudential review should prioritize removing regulatory overlaps and increasing the flexibility of the CCyBStefan W. Schmitz, Michaela Posch, Peter Strobl
Dec 2022Policy BriefNo 497European Small Business Finance Outlook: SMEs in between crisesHelmut Kraemer-Eis, Antonia Botsari, Salome Gvetadze, Frank Lang, Wouter Torfs
Dec 2022Policy BriefNo 494Introducing Green Bank Equity to fund the low-carbon transitionAaron Janowski
Oct 2022Policy BriefNo 454Augmented credit-to-GDP gap as a more reliable indicator for macroprudential policy decision-makingTihana Škrinjarić
Oct 2022Policy BriefNo 444How do central bank lending operations interact with equity offering announcements?Massimo Giuliodori, Jan Kakes, Dimitris Mokas
Sep 2022Policy BriefNo 430Central bank capitalPaul Wessels, Dirk Broeders
Sep 2022Policy BriefNo 414The effects of Monetary Policy on Capital Flows: A Meta-AnalysisMauricio Villamizar-Villegas, Lucía Arango-Lozano, Geraldine Castelblanco-Arias, Nicolás Fajardo-Baquero, María A. Ruiz-Sánchez
Aug 2022Policy BriefNo 404Entity-based vs activity-based regulation: a framework and applications to traditional financial firms and big techsClaudio Borio, Stijn Claessens, Nikola Tarashev
Aug 2022Policy BriefNo 400Regulatory complexity, uncertainty, and systemic risk Maurizio Trapanese
Aug 2022Policy NoteNo 284The design of a data governance systemSiddharth Tiwari, Sharad Sharma, Siddharth Shetty, Frank Packer
Aug 2022Policy BriefNo 389Digital Endowments and Comparative AdvantageDario Guarascio, Roman Stöllinger
Jun 2022Policy BriefNo 362On Implementing Macroprudential PolicyItai Agur, Sunil Sharma
Jun 2022Policy BriefNo 352An innovative new measure of human capital to better assess the link between education policies and productivityBalázs Égert, Christine de la Maisonneuve, David Turner
May 2022Policy BriefNo 330How to regulate crypto currenciesEduard de Jong
Apr 2022Policy NoteNo 275Balancing public and private interests: Crypto, stablecoin and central bank digital currencyWilko Bolt, Vera Lubbersen, Peter Wierts
Apr 2022Policy BriefNo 313From open banking to open financeDenis Beau
Mar 2022Policy NoteNo 272Financing Faster Growth For Europe’s SMEsSylvain Broyer, Sarah Limbach, Cihan Duran
Feb 2022Policy BriefNo 274Regulating big tech in the public interestAgustín Carstens
Jan 2022Policy BriefNo 258Why have interest rates fallen far below the return on capital?Magali Marx, Benoît Mojon, François R. Velde
Jan 2022Policy BriefNo 255Climate actions and macro-financial stability: The role of central banksFrancesca Diluiso, Barbara Annicchiarico, Matthias Kalkuhl, Jan. C. Minx
Dec 2021Policy BriefNo 253Money market funds in the euro area: Vulnerabilities and the role of macroprudential policyTom Hudepohl, Jeroen Huiting, Annelie Petersen
Dec 2021Policy NoteNo 260Identifying lessons from the current crisis for the prudential framework of the banking system Pablo Hernández de Cos
Dec 2021Policy BriefNo 248Africa and COVID-19: Can the financial sector stay on course for a green and digital future?Debora Revoltella, Claudio Cali, Barbara Marchitto, Nina Fenton, Ricardo Santos
Dec 2021Policy NoteNo 259Crises as a catalyst for change – lessons from the past, challenges for the futureJens Weidmann
Dec 2021Policy NoteNo 258The importance of Private Equity and Venture Capital financing for Greentech companies in EuropeHelmut Kraemer-Eis, Antonia Botsari, Salome Gvetadze, Frank Lang, Wouter Torfs
Nov 2021Policy BriefNo 227Did liquidity limits amplify money market fund redemptions during the COVID crisis?Peter Dunne, Raffaele Giuliana
Nov 2021Policy BriefNo 225Population aging and the persistence of three key global trendsAndrea Papetti
Nov 2021Policy BriefNo 213The role of prudential policy in addressing climate changeFernando Restoy
Oct 2021Policy BriefNo 210Exploring DORA - the Digital Operational Resilience Act and its impact on banks and their supervisorsJoachim Wuermeling
Oct 2021Policy BriefNo 207The Rise in Foreign Currency Bonds: The Role of US Monetary Policy and Capital ControlsPhilippe Bacchetta, Rachel Cordonier, Ouarda Merrouche
Oct 2021Policy BriefNo 201Basel III implementation in the European UnionPablo Hernández de Cos
Oct 2021Policy BriefNo 199The impact of macroprudential policies on capital flows in CESEEMarkus Eller, Niko Hauzenberger, Florian Huber, Helene Schuberth, Lukas Vashold
Sep 2021Policy BriefNo 184Frozen markets: Iceland’s experience with capital controlsFrancis Breedon, Thórarinn G. Pétursson, Paolo Vitale
Sep 2021Policy BriefNo 177Labor adjustment and productivity dynamics: cross-country evidence and policy implicationsMaarten Dossche, Andrea Gazzani, Vivien Lewis
Aug 2021Policy BriefNo 167Limits of stress-test based bank regulationTirupam Goel, Isha Agarwal
Aug 2021Policy BriefNo 166Record global FX reserves after COVID shockMichael S Hanson
Aug 2021Policy BriefNo 165Assessment of the effectiveness of the macroprudential measures implemented in the context of the Covid-19 pandemicLucas Avezum, Vítor Oliveira, Diogo Serra
Aug 2021Policy BriefNo 164Banks Fearing the Drought? Liquidity Hoarding as a Response to Idiosyncratic Interbank Funding Dry-UpsHelge C.N. Littke, Matias Ossandon Busch
Aug 2021Policy BriefNo 161Banks’ complexity-risk nexus and the role of regulationNatalya Martynova, Ursula Vogel
Aug 2021Policy BriefNo 159On the Effectiveness of Macroprudential PolicyMiguel Ampudia, Marco Lo Duca, Mátyás Farkas, Gabriel Perez Quiros, Mara Pirovano, Gerhard Rünstler, Eugen Tereanu
Aug 2021Policy BriefNo 157Covid-19 and Capital Flows: The Responses of Investors to the Responses of GovernmentsStefan Goldbach, Volker Nitsch
Aug 2021Policy BriefNo 149Regulation of crypto-assets is a must for governments and central banksDaniel Daianu
Aug 2021Policy NoteNo 251Green Liquidity Moves MainstreamPatrick Drury Byrne, Sandeep Chana and Sylvain Broyer
Aug 2021Policy BriefNo 147Proportionality in banking regulation: who, what and how?Raihan Zamil
Aug 2021Policy BriefNo 144A quantitative analysis of the countercyclical capital bufferMiguel Faria e Castro
Jul 2021Policy BriefNo 138Three questions on the outlook for bankingCarolyn Rogers
Jul 2021Policy BriefNo 134Future Challenges: Old Problems in New ShapesJosé María Roldán
Jul 2021Policy BriefNo 132Euro area portfolio flows in 2020: the impact of the Covid-19 crisisJulia Schmidt, Olivier Sirello
Jul 2021Policy BriefNo 131Investment funds, monetary policy, and the global financial cycleChristoph Kaufmann
Jun 2021Policy BriefNo 117Regulating liquidity risk in mutual fundsDominic Cucic
Jun 2021Policy BriefNo 115Understanding the financial risks of nature loss: exploring policy options for financial authoritiesKatie Kedward, Josh Ryan-Collins, Hugues Chenet
Jun 2021Policy NoteNo 246Integrated policy frameworks: The constraints of policy horizons and adjustment frequenciesClaudio Borio and Piti Disyatat
Jun 2021Policy BriefNo 102Assessing the impact of Basel III: Evidence from macroeconomic modelsOlivier de Bandt, Bora Durdu, Hibiki Ichiue, Yasin Mimir, Jolan Mohimont, Kalin Nikolov, Sigrid Röhrs, Jean-Guillaume Sahuc, Valerio Scalone, Michael Straughan
Jun 2021Policy BriefNo 101The interplay between green policy, electricity prices, financial constraints and jobs: firm-level evidenceGert Bijnens, John Hutchinson, Jozef Konings, Arthur Saint Guilhem
Jun 2021Policy BriefNo 100Shocks to bank capital as a driver of lending standards to corporates. What can macroprudential policy learn from bank lending surveys?Ewa Wróbel
May 2021Policy BriefNo 97Stress-Testing Net Trading Income: The Case of European BanksCarla Giglio, Frances Shaw, Nicolas Syrichas and Giuseppe Cappelletti
May 2021Policy BriefNo 93Set-up costs and the financing of young firmsFrançois Derrien, Jean-Stéphane Mésonnier, Guillaume Vuillemey
May 2021Policy BriefNo 88Strengthening the international role of the euroGergely Hudecz, Gong Cheng, Edmund Moshammer, Alexander Raabe
May 2021Policy BriefNo 87Banking regulation and the benefits of international cooperation – views from a banking supervisorJoachim Wuermeling
May 2021Policy NoteNo 236Europe’s growth gap: reconciling Keynes and SchumpeterFrançois Villeroy de Galhau
Apr 2021Policy BriefNo 82The banking supervisors dilemma: wearing many hats on one headSasin Kirakul, Jeffery Yong, Raihan Zamil
Apr 2021Policy BriefNo 81How the Capital Markets Union can help Europe avoid a liquidity trapSylvain Broyer
Apr 2021Policy BriefNo 76The Impact of COVID-19 on European BanksShekhar Aiyar, Mai Chi Dao, Andreas A. Jobst, Aiko Mineshima, Srobona Mitra, Mahmood Pradhan
Apr 2021Policy BriefNo 75Europe: the shock of Covid-19 and the fear of accelerated zombificationHélène Baudchon, Louis Boisset, Guillaume Derrien, Kenza Charef
Apr 2021Policy BriefNo 69Crisis management of credit institutions: Senior unsecured creditors must prepare for bail-inChristine Sif Larsen, Anne Dyrberg Rommer
Apr 2021Policy NoteNo 231The challenges to the banking sector a year after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemicPablo Hernández de Cos
Apr 2021Policy BriefNo 62The way forward for EU-wide stress testsPedro Duarte Neves
Mar 2021Policy NoteNo 227Scarring in EuropeReza Moghadam, Markus Guetschow, Camille White
Mar 2021Policy BriefNo 54Are lower bank capital requirements an efficient policy tool for supporting credit to SMEs?Michel Dietsch, Henri Fraisse, Mathias Lé, Sandrine Lecarpentier
Mar 2021Policy NoteNo 226Greening the UK financial system – a fit for purpose approachYannis Dafermos, Daniela Gabor, Maria Nikolaidi, Frank van Lerven
Feb 2021Policy NoteNo 225Sharing Economy in the Financial Industry: A Platform Approach towards Sharing in Regulatory Reporting using the Shapley ValueAaron Janowski, Moritz Plenk, Mirko Haselwander
Feb 2021Policy BriefNo 49Should developed economies manage international capital flows? An empirical and welfare analysisDennis Bonam, Gavin Goy, Emmanuel de Veirman
Feb 2021Policy BriefNo 45The crisis management framework for banks in the EU: how Can we deal with small and medium-sized banks?Ignazio Visco
Feb 2021Policy NoteNo 221The future of data collection & data management: Agile RegOps for digitalizing the regulatory value chainMartina Drvar, Johannes Turner, Maciej Piechocki, Eric Stiegeler, Daniel Münch
Jan 2021Policy NoteNo 219Buffer usability and potential stigma effectsStefan W. Schmitz, Viola Nellessen, Michaela Posch, Peter Strobl
Jan 2021Policy NoteNo 217The post-COVID-19 recovery: what challenges and roadmap for the banking industry?Jordi Gual
Dec 2020Policy NoteNo 215Consequences for banks’ business from COVID-19 and policy responsesFrancesco Mazzaferro
Dec 2020Policy NoteNo 210On the risk-adjusted performance of machine learning models in credit default predictionAndres Alonso, Jose Manuel Carbo
Nov 2020Policy NoteNo 204Lessons from the Swedish anti-corona strategyLieven Noppe
Sep 2020Policy NoteNo 194Home- and host-country prudential regulation and spillovers in dollar creditStefan Avdjiev, Bryan Hardy, Patrick McGuire, Goetz von Peter
Sep 2020Policy NoteNo 191Are bank capital requirements optimally set? Evidence from researchers’ viewsGene Ambrocio, Iftekhar Hasan, Esa Jokivuolle, Kim Ristolainen
Aug 2020Policy NoteNo 187Measuring Regulatory ComplexityJean-Edouard Colliard, Co-Pierre Georg
Jul 2020Policy BriefNo 21How effective are bank levies in reducing leverage given the debt bias of corporate income taxation?Franziska Bremus, Kirsten Schmidt, Lena Tonzer
May 2020Policy NoteNo 168Cross-border consolidation in the European banking sector: between dreams and realityJan Van Hove
Apr 2020Policy NoteNo 159Embedded supervision: how to build regulation into Libra 2.0 and the token economyRaphael Auer
Apr 2020Policy BriefNo 1Regulation, Corporate Culture and Individual Responsibility in BankingDavid T Llewellyn
Apr 2020Policy NoteNo 152European banks in the corona crisisJan Schildbach
Mar 2020Policy NoteNo 139Capital Regulations and the Management of Credit Commitments during Crisis TimesPaul Pelzl, María Teresa Valderrama
Mar 2020Policy NoteNo 136Mortgage Lending and Macroprudential Policy in the UK and USAlan Brener
Feb 2020Policy NoteNo 134Regulating fintech: what is going on, and where are the challenges?Fernando Restoy
Feb 2020Policy NoteNo 132The European Banking UnionMargarita Delgado
Feb 2020Policy NoteNo 130European Banking Consolidation: Can a view to the past inform current policy efforts?Peter Hahn
Feb 2020Policy NoteNo 128Interests and alliancesKlaas Knot
Jan 2020Policy NoteNo 127Europe’s role in the global financial systemLuis de Guindos
Jan 2020Policy NoteNo 126Bank resolution, the need to recognize reality in order to prepare for the next crisisJesper Berg, Henrik Bjerre-Nielsen
Jan 2020Policy NoteNo 123DLT-Based Regulatory Reporting - A game changer for the regulatory regime?Daniel Münch, Noah Bellon
Nov 2019Policy NoteNo 113Ten years after Lehman, is the financial system safer?Denis Beau
Nov 2019Policy NoteNo 110Towards a European Governance Framework for CryptoassetsJason Grant Allen, Rosa María Lastra
Oct 2019Policy NoteNo 107Tackling non-performing loans in EuropePeter Grasmann, Markus Aspegren, Nicolas Willems
Oct 2019Policy NoteNo 106Banks’ behavioral reactions to Basel III: mostly as intendedStefan W. Schmitz
Sep 2019Policy NoteNo 103Non-banks in the EU: ensuring a smooth transition to a Capital Markets UnionFatima Pires
Aug 2019Policy NoteNo 91How to Make Capitalism Work for All?Anita Angelovska Bezhoska
Jul 2019Policy NoteNo 87Loan portfolio diversification in the euro area, capital requirements, and the European Banking UnionEsa Jokivuolle, Matti Virén
Jul 2019Policy NoteNo 86Regulatory complexity and the quest for robust regulationPrasanna Gai, Malcolm Kemp, Antonio Sánchez Serrano, Isabel Schnabel
Jul 2019Policy NoteNo 82Rethinking Capital Regulation: The Case for a Dividend Prudential Target in the Euro AreaManuel Muñoz
Jun 2019Policy NoteNo 80A products and activities approach to managing risk in asset managementBarbara Novick
Apr 2019Policy NoteNo 68How to assess the adequacy of capital requirements based on internal models?Susanne Roehrig
Mar 2019Policy NoteNo 61Beyond voluntary disclosure: why a ‘market-shaping’ approach to financial regulation is needed to meet the challenge of climate changeJosh Ryan-Collins
Dec 2018Policy NoteNo 50Business models in prudential policiesIsabelle Vaillant, Marina Cernov
Oct 2018Policy NoteNo 44A Financial Union for the Euro AreaPoul M. Thomsen
Oct 2018Policy NoteNo 43A Green Supporting Factor — The Right Policy?Jacob Dankert, Lars van Doorn, Henk Jan Reinders, Olaf Sleijpen
Sep 2018Policy NoteNo 42Preserving regulatory certainty: The review of insurers’ capital requirementsGabriel Bernardino
May 2018Policy NoteNo 35Strengthening the euro area Architecture: A proposal for Purple bondsLorenzo Bini Smaghi, Michala Marcussen
May 2018Policy NoteNo 34Modern financial repression in the euro area crisis: making high public debt sustainable?Ad van Riet
Apr 2018Policy NoteNo 31Opportunities and challenges for banking regulation and supervision in the digital ageJosé Manuel González-Páramo
Feb 2018Policy NoteNo 26Comparability of Basel risk weights in the EU banking sectorZsofia Döme, Stefan Kerbl
Nov 2017Policy NoteNo 21Risk sharing in EMU: key insights from a literature reviewDemosthenes Ioannou, David Schäfer
Nov 2017Policy NoteNo 20Recent developments in Chinese shadow bankingMichael Chui, Christian Upper
May 2017Policy NoteNo 12(No) worries about the new shape of international capital flowsMatthieu Bussiére, Julia Schmidt, Natacha Valla
Jan 2017Policy NoteNo 10Bail-ins: Issues of Credibility and ContagionClas Wihlborg
May 2016Policy NoteNo 7Ten Myths in the Brexit DebateDavid T. Llewellyn
May 2016Policy NoteNo 6Bank secrecy in offshore centres, capital flows and blacklisting: It takes two to tangoDonato Masciandaro
Apr 2016Policy NoteNo 5Some seeming paradoxes or interesting points of Russia’s economy and banking sectorStephan Barisitz
Oct 2015Policy NoteNo 2Modigliani–Miller, Basel 3 and CRD 4Morten Balling

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