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SUERF Policy Notes and SUERF Policy Briefs

SUERF Policy Notes & Briefs offer accessible and concise, high-quality, authoritative and informed analysis on topical issues related to European money and finance. They make research by SUERF Member institutions and academic researchers available to the SUERF network and beyond. SUERF Policy Notes & Briefs are published weekly on the SUERF webpage. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the institution(s) the author(s) is/are affiliated with.

To submit your findings to the SUERF Policy Note and Brief series please contact suerf@oenb.at.

All SUERF Policy Notes & Briefs  are available in PDF format.

Stay always up to date and subscribe to the monthly SUERF Policy Notes & Briefs Newsletter!


Date publishedSUERFIssueTitleAuthor(s)
Sep 2023Policy BriefNo 678Nowcasting World Trade with Machine Learning: a Three-Step ApproachMenzie Chinn, Baptiste Meunier, Sebastian Stumpner
Aug 2023Policy BriefNo 671An Analysis of Business Cycle Fluctuations in Slovenia and the Euro AreaJan Radovan
Aug 2023Policy BriefNo 659Rethinking the trade specialisation concept: from products to functionsAleksandra Kordalska, Magdalena Olczyk
Jul 2023Policy BriefNo 644Resource Misallocation and TFP Gap Development in AustriaRichard Sellner, Nico Pintar, Norbert Ernst
Jul 2023Policy BriefNo 641Exploring the informational role of inflated credit ratingsAnna Bayona, Oana Peia, Razvan Vlahu
Jun 2023Policy BriefNo 625Who holds sovereign debt and why it mattersXiang Fang, Bryan Hardy, Karen K Lewis
Jun 2023Policy BriefNo 614After the crypto-winter, the spring of crypto-assets regulation and supervisionDenis Beau
Jun 2023Policy BriefNo 610Climate change risks and the energy and emission allowances market – An analysis based on EMIR dataMerel Vrolijk, Ellen van der Woerd, Elisabeth de Vogel
Jun 2023Policy BriefNo 606Does it matter where and how governments spend?Ernil Sabaj, Rashid Sbia, Haytem Troug
Jun 2023Policy NoteNo 312Empowering central bank money for a digital futureMartin Diehl, Constantin Drott
May 2023Policy BriefNo 594Lessons from forecast averaging residential investmentCarlos Cañizares Martínez, Gabe de Bondt, Arne Gieseck
May 2023Policy BriefNo 589The environmental goods and services sector is the keystone of net zero: Let’s subsidize it!Eric Jondeau, Grégory Levieuge, Jean-Guillaume Sahuc, Gauthier Vermandel
May 2023Policy BriefNo 586The Big Problem of Small SyndicatesMingze Gao, Iftekhar Hasan, Buhui Qiu, Eliza Wu
May 2023Policy BriefNo 581On the Macroeconomic Effects of Reinvestments in Asset Purchase ProgrammesRafael Gerke, Daniel Kienzler, Alexander Scheer
Apr 2023Policy BriefNo 573Moving apart – the financial sectors in UK and EU post-BrexitThorsten Beck, Christy Ann Petit
Mar 2023Policy NoteNo 306Why there is no need to stray from the original ideas behind the Bank Recovery and Resolution DirectiveJesper Berg, Steffen Ulrik Lind
Mar 2023Policy BriefNo 544Using machine learning to measure financial risk in ChinaAlexander Al-Haschimi, Apostolos Apostolou, Andres Azqueta-Gavaldon, Martino Ricci
Mar 2023Policy NoteNo 303Energy shocks and corporate performance, the case of CroatiaIvan Huljak
Mar 2023Policy BriefNo 534Modeling Semiconductor Export Restrictions and the US-China Trade ConflictMichael Funke, Adrian Wende
Feb 2023Policy NoteNo 302Macroprudential policy and real estate fundsManuel A. Muñoz, Frank Smets
Feb 2023Policy BriefNo 521Can Machine Learning Methods Help Nowcast GDP?Andreas Pick, Jasper de Winter
Feb 2023Policy NoteNo 299Convergence in GDP per capita in the euro area and the EU at the time of COVID-19Mirko Licchetta, Giovanni Mattozz
Jan 2023Policy BriefNo 506Is it easy to hide money in the crypto economy? The case of RussiaArmin Ahari, Johannes Duong, Jakob Hanzl, Elsa Maria Lichtenegger, Lukas Lobnik, Andreas Timel
Jan 2023Policy BriefNo 504Introduction of the composite indicator of cyclical systemic risk in Croatia: possibilities and limitationsTihana Škrinjarić
Jan 2023Policy NoteNo 295The interplay between too big to fail policies and why it mattersAndré Ebner, Christiane Westhoff
Jan 2023Policy BriefNo 501Going native? How crypto technology may help regulatorsClaudia Biancotti
Dec 2022Policy BriefNo 497European Small Business Finance Outlook: SMEs in between crisesHelmut Kraemer-Eis, Antonia Botsari, Salome Gvetadze, Frank Lang, Wouter Torfs
Dec 2022Policy BriefNo 495Asset Purchases and Sovereign Risk Premia in the Euro Area during the PandemicRobert Blotevogel, Gergely Hudecz, Elisabetta Vangelista
Dec 2022Policy BriefNo 486How do borrowers adjust in a household foreign currency debt crisis?Győző Gyöngyösi, Judit Rariga, Emil Verner
Dec 2022Policy BriefNo 481Should central banks be involved in historical research?Ivo Maes
Nov 2022Policy BriefNo 471Environmental and Social Preferences and Investments in Crypto-AssetsPavel Ciaian, Andrej Cupak, Pirmin Fessler, d’Artis Kancs
Nov 2022Policy BriefNo 464Less Bank Failures Before Presidential Elections in Russia Zuzana Fungáčová, Alexei Karas, Laura Solanko, Laurent Weill
Nov 2022Policy BriefNo 457The Certification Role of the EU-Wide Stress Testing Exercises in the Stock Market. What Can We Learn from the Stress Tests (2014-2021)?Agha Durrani, Steven Ongena, Aurea Ponte Marques
Oct 2022Policy BriefNo 454Augmented credit-to-GDP gap as a more reliable indicator for macroprudential policy decision-makingTihana Škrinjarić
Oct 2022Policy BriefNo 452Are governments inflating their economic forecasts ahead of elections?Davide Cipullo, André Reslow
Oct 2022Policy BriefNo 449Natural Language Processing and Financial Markets: Semi-supervised Modelling of Coronavirus and Economic NewsCarlos Moreno Pérez, Marco Minozzo
Oct 2022Policy BriefNo 442New insights into inequality and wealth in the euro areaJanina Engel, Pau Gayà Riera, Joseph Grilli, Pierre Sola
Oct 2022Policy BriefNo 441The digital revolution in banking: The old, the new and the uglyJosé María Roldán
Oct 2022Policy BriefNo 436The double materiality of climate physical and transition risks in the euro areaRegis Gourdel, Irene Monasterolo, Nepo Dunz, Andrea Mazzocchetti, Laura Parisi
Sep 2022Policy BriefNo 418The Kiel Trade Indicator – A real-time indicator for trade flowsWolfgang Lechthaler, Vincent Stamer
Sep 2022Policy BriefNo 411Subjective Expectations and UncertaintyAndrzej Kocięcki, Tomasz Łyziak, Ewa Stanisławska
Aug 2022Policy NoteNo 285From SEPA to the digital euro: payments past, present and futureJohannes Asel, Simone Mingione, Petia Niederlaender, Georg Nitsche
Aug 2022Policy BriefNo 405Forgetting Approaches to Improve Forecasting: Executive SummaryRobert Hill, Paulo Rodrigues
Aug 2022Policy BriefNo 403What Can We Learn from 60 Years of PCE Inflation Data?Raphael Schoenle, Dominic Smith
Aug 2022Policy BriefNo 401Allocation is key? Analysis of ECB public sector bond purchases’ divergence from the capital keyCarlo Birkholz, Friedrich Heinemann
Aug 2022Policy BriefNo 399The effects of internationally coordinated carbon pricing on the economy and welfareAnne Ernst, Natascha Hinterlang, Alexander Mahle, Nikolai Stähler
Aug 2022Policy NoteNo 284The design of a data governance systemSiddharth Tiwari, Sharad Sharma, Siddharth Shetty, Frank Packer
Aug 2022Policy BriefNo 389Digital Endowments and Comparative AdvantageDario Guarascio, Roman Stöllinger
Jul 2022Policy BriefNo 375A shot in the arm: stimulus packages and firm performance during COVID-19Deniz Igan, Ali Mirzaei, Tomoe Moore
Jun 2022Policy BriefNo 363Stablecoins - DeFi, Libra and beyondHeike Mai
Jun 2022Policy BriefNo 347Sectoral exchange rate pass-through in the euro areaChiara Osbat, Yiqiao Sun, Martin Wagner
Jun 2022Policy BriefNo 344Elections Hinder Firms’ Access to CreditFlorian Léon, Laurent Weill
May 2022Policy BriefNo 336Business resilience in the pandemic and beyond: Adaptation, innovation, financing and climate action from Eastern Europe to Central AsiaLuca Gattini, Rozália Pál, Helena Schweiger, Laura Valderrama
May 2022Policy BriefNo 330How to regulate crypto currenciesEduard de Jong
May 2022Policy BriefNo 325Climate Change and Individual BehaviorRené Bernard, Panagiota Tzamourani, Michael Weber
Apr 2022Policy NoteNo 275Balancing public and private interests: Crypto, stablecoin and central bank digital currencyWilko Bolt, Vera Lubbersen, Peter Wierts
Apr 2022Policy BriefNo 320Global Banking, Regulatory Spillovers, and the Benefits of Macroprudential Policy CoordinationPierre-Richard Agénor, Timothy P Jackson, Luiz A Pereira da Silva
Apr 2022Policy BriefNo 316Robert Triffin and the search for Asian Monetary UnionIvo Maes, Ilaria Pasotti
Apr 2022Policy BriefNo 315Who owns banks? The household-bank nexus and its implications for bank stock pricesMatías Lamas, David Martinez-Miera
Apr 2022Policy BriefNo 308Investor demand in syndicated bond issuances: stylised factsMartin Hillebrand, Marko Mravlak, Peter Schwendner
Mar 2022Policy BriefNo 307On the Welfare Effects of Using Energy and Emissions Taxes to Finance a Labour Tax Reduction in a Multi-sector DSGE ModelNatascha Hinterlang, Anika Martin, Oke Röhe, Nikolai Stähler, Johannes Strobel
Mar 2022Policy BriefNo 305Is There Financial Exclusion when Official Lenders Are Considered?María Bru Muñoz
Mar 2022Policy NoteNo 271Financial stability and crypto-assetsPablo Hernández de Cos
Mar 2022Policy BriefNo 301Is the ECB applying lessons from the past?Anselm Küsters
Mar 2022Policy BriefNo 295How do Asian central banks use big data? Insights from an Irving Fisher Committee surveyGiulio Cornelli, Sebastian Doerr, Leonardo Gambacorta, Bruno Tissot
Mar 2022Policy BriefNo 294Preparing for the Financial System of the FutureLael Brainard
Mar 2022Policy NoteNo 269CBDC and the international position of the euroWim Boonstra
Feb 2022Policy BriefNo 281GDP-linked bonds and the fear of ambiguityDeniz Igan, Taehoon Kim, Antoine Levy
Feb 2022Policy BriefNo 274Regulating big tech in the public interestAgustín Carstens
Feb 2022Policy NoteNo 265Austrian conceptions of money and the rise of digital currencyMichael Peneder
Jan 2022Policy NoteNo 262The encrypted threat: Bitcoin’s social cost and regulatory responsesUlrich Bindseil, Patrick Papsdorf, Jürgen Schaaf
Dec 2021Policy BriefNo 251Have Bail-in Policies Reduced Too-Big-To-Fail Expectations? Evidence from the European Overnight Interbank MarketEero Tölö, Esa Jokivuolle, Matti Virén
Dec 2021Policy BriefNo 250Big techs in finance: a new trade-off between efficiency and privacyFrederic Boissay, Torsten Ehlers, Leonardo Gambacorta, Hyun Song Shin
Dec 2021Policy BriefNo 246Public trust only partly immune to COVID-19 pandemicCarin van der Cruijsen, Jakob de Haan, Nicole Jonker
Dec 2021Policy BriefNo 241Mutual funds’ loyalty helped to stabilize ESG stocks during the COVID-19 market crashRui Albuquerque, Yrjo Koskinen, Raffaele Santioni
Nov 2021Policy BriefNo 233Caveat EmptorJosé María Roldán
Nov 2021Policy BriefNo 229Earnings expectations signal a heterogenous recovery after COVID-19Joost Bats, William Greif, Daniel Kapp
Nov 2021Policy BriefNo 228The effect of monetary policy on stock market valuation is maybe not what you thinkOlli-Matti Laine
Nov 2021Policy BriefNo 222Central Bank Digital Currencies, Crypto Currencies, and Anonymity: Economics and ExperimentsEmanuele Borgonovo, Stefano Caselli, Alessandra Cillo, Donato Masciandaro, Giovanni Rabitti
Nov 2021Policy BriefNo 214How do Loan-to-Value Caps Impact Bank Lending and Credit Spillover?Selva Bahar Baziki, Tanju Çapacıoğlu
Oct 2021Policy BriefNo 211Technical barriers to trade play the most important role in trade of goods in information and communications technologyMahdi Ghodsi
Oct 2021Policy BriefNo 206Cost-Benefit Analysis of Borrower-Based Measures in SlovakiaMartin Cesnak, Ján Klacso, Roman Vasiľ
Oct 2021Policy BriefNo 199The impact of macroprudential policies on capital flows in CESEEMarkus Eller, Niko Hauzenberger, Florian Huber, Helene Schuberth, Lukas Vashold
Oct 2021Policy BriefNo 195Is window dressing by banks systemically important?Luis Garcia, Ulf Lewrick, Taja Sečnik
Oct 2021Policy NoteNo 257Systemic Implications of the Bail-in Design: A Precis of our Main TextJ. Doyne Farmer, Charles Goodhart, Alissa M. Kleinnijenhuis
Sep 2021Policy BriefNo 183Central bank’s financial result and inter-sectoral transfers of benefitsKrzysztof Kruszewski, Mikołaj Szadkowski
Sep 2021Policy BriefNo 170Pension funds’ portfolio choices and investment beliefsDirk Broeders, Kristy Jansen
Aug 2021Policy BriefNo 161Banks’ complexity-risk nexus and the role of regulationNatalya Martynova, Ursula Vogel
Aug 2021Policy BriefNo 149Regulation of crypto-assets is a must for governments and central banksDaniel Daianu
Aug 2021Policy NoteNo 250Roads for the future: Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) and Innovative PaymentsFrançois Villeroy de Galhau
Jul 2021Policy BriefNo 134Future Challenges: Old Problems in New ShapesJosé María Roldán
Jul 2021Policy BriefNo 124Global Financial Uncertainty: Does it Matter for the Global Business Cycle?Giovanni Caggiano, Efrem Castelnuovo
Jun 2021Policy BriefNo 108Can central bank communication help to stabilise inflation expectations?Alexander Jung, Patrick Kuehl
Jun 2021Policy BriefNo 104The Economic Case for Global Vaccinations: An Epidemiological Model with International Production NetworksCem Çakmaklı, Selva Demiralp, Şebnem Kalemli-Özcan, Sevcan Yeşiltaş, Muhammed A. Yıldırım
Jun 2021Policy BriefNo 103A bigger house at the cost of an empty fridge? The effect of households’ indebtedness on their consumption: Micro-evidence using Belgian HFCS dataPhilip Du Caju, Guillaume Périlleux, François Rycx, Ilan Tojerow
May 2021Policy NoteNo 242Does the upturn in Eurozone money growth imply 5% inflation?Tim Congdon
May 2021Policy BriefNo 87Banking regulation and the benefits of international cooperation – views from a banking supervisorJoachim Wuermeling
Apr 2021Policy NoteNo 231The challenges to the banking sector a year after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemicPablo Hernández de Cos
Apr 2021Policy BriefNo 67How do central banks use big data and machine learning?Sebastian Doerr, Leonardo Gambacorta, Jose Maria Serena
Apr 2021Policy BriefNo 62The way forward for EU-wide stress testsPedro Duarte Neves
Apr 2021Policy BriefNo 61A backstop liquidity facility for a greener economyEric Jondeau, Benoit Mojon, Cyril Monnet
Feb 2021Policy NoteNo 225Sharing Economy in the Financial Industry: A Platform Approach towards Sharing in Regulatory Reporting using the Shapley ValueAaron Janowski, Moritz Plenk, Mirko Haselwander
Feb 2021Policy BriefNo 46The crisis management framework for banks in the EU: what can be done with small and medium-sized banks?Elke König
Feb 2021Policy NoteNo 221The future of data collection & data management: Agile RegOps for digitalizing the regulatory value chainMartina Drvar, Johannes Turner, Maciej Piechocki, Eric Stiegeler, Daniel Münch
Feb 2021Policy BriefNo 43Nowcasting world GDP growth with high-frequency dataCaroline Jardet, Baptiste Meunier
Jan 2021Policy BriefNo 42Scars of youth non-employment and labour market conditionsGiulia Martina Tanzi
Jan 2021Policy NoteNo 217The post-COVID-19 recovery: what challenges and roadmap for the banking industry?Jordi Gual
Jan 2021Policy NoteNo 216Capital Buffer Assignments to Other Systemically Important Institutions in the Euro area – Is the Country Heterogeneity in the EU caused by Regulatory Capture?Michael Sigmund
Dec 2020Policy NoteNo 212Monetary policy effects when interest rates are negativeJoost Bats, Massimo Giuliodori, Aerdt Houben
Dec 2020Policy NoteNo 210On the risk-adjusted performance of machine learning models in credit default predictionAndres Alonso, Jose Manuel Carbo
Oct 2020Policy NoteNo 203Tracking Covid: What Worked?Markus Guetschow
Oct 2020Policy NoteNo 200Finding the Right “Hall of Mirrors”: The Mixed Blessings of Lessons from the Past for Shaping a Post-COVID FutureRobert Holzmann
Aug 2020Policy NoteNo 187Measuring Regulatory ComplexityJean-Edouard Colliard, Co-Pierre Georg
Jul 2020Policy NoteNo 183Retail Central Bank Digital Currencies: means of payment vs store of valueSantiago Fernández de Lis, Pablo Urbiola
Jul 2020Policy NoteNo 182Europe’s answer to Libra – potential and prerequisites of a programmable euroAndreas Krautscheid, Tobias Tenner, Siegfried Utzig
Jun 2020Policy NoteNo 180Which factors drive consumers to adopt crypto-assets? Results from an Austrian surveyHelmut Stix
Jun 2020Policy NoteNo 179The need for a new financial architecture after CORONA, an opinionFreddy Van den Spiegel
May 2020Policy NoteNo 169Making banking integration work for better risk sharing in the eurozone: the role of cross-border banking consolidationMathias Hoffmann
May 2020Policy NoteNo 168Cross-border consolidation in the European banking sector: between dreams and realityJan Van Hove
May 2020Policy NoteNo 167Services are the next – and fast approaching – frontier of global trade and financial services is a sector leading the wayRobert Koopman
May 2020Policy NoteNo 165Monetary policy implications of digital currenciesKatrin Assenmacher
May 2020Policy NoteNo 162How large is the coronavirus macro shock? Putting the near-term record-breaking shock in the long-term contextElga Bartsch, Jean Boivin, Philipp Hildebrand
Apr 2020Policy NoteNo 158Overview of Central Bank Digital Currency - State of PlayJohannes Duong
Apr 2020Policy NoteNo 159Embedded supervision: how to build regulation into Libra 2.0 and the token economyRaphael Auer
Feb 2020Policy NoteNo 135Cost-Efficiency and Productivity of euro area banksIvan Huljak, Reiner Martin, Diego Moccero
Feb 2020Policy NoteNo 134Regulating fintech: what is going on, and where are the challenges?Fernando Restoy
Feb 2020Policy NoteNo 132The European Banking UnionMargarita Delgado
Jan 2020Policy NoteNo 126Bank resolution, the need to recognize reality in order to prepare for the next crisisJesper Berg, Henrik Bjerre-Nielsen
Jan 2020Policy NoteNo 123DLT-Based Regulatory Reporting - A game changer for the regulatory regime?Daniel Münch, Noah Bellon
Nov 2019Policy NoteNo 116Following “Libra” German banks say: The economy needs a programmable digital euroAndreas Krautscheid, Tobias Tenner, Siegfried Utzig
Nov 2019Policy NoteNo 110Towards a European Governance Framework for CryptoassetsJason Grant Allen, Rosa María Lastra
Oct 2019Policy NoteNo 109The rise of central banks as sovereign debt holders: Implications for investor basesAlvise Lennkh, Bernhard Bartels, Thibault Vasse
Oct 2019Policy NoteNo 108Libra – a view from EuropeHeike Mai
Oct 2019Policy NoteNo 106Banks’ behavioral reactions to Basel III: mostly as intendedStefan W. Schmitz
Aug 2019Policy NoteNo 89Central banks still run money creationDaniel Daianu
Jul 2019Policy NoteNo 86Regulatory complexity and the quest for robust regulationPrasanna Gai, Malcolm Kemp, Antonio Sánchez Serrano, Isabel Schnabel
Jun 2019Policy NoteNo 80A products and activities approach to managing risk in asset managementBarbara Novick
Jun 2019Policy NoteNo 75The future of financial stability: Maintaining effectiveness while reducing complexityAndreas Ittner
Mar 2019Policy NoteNo 59New Frontiers in the Euro Debate in IcelandThorsteinn Thorgeirsson
Feb 2019Policy NoteNo 58Disintermediation and re-intermediation effects of the CSPPÓscar Arce, Ricardo Gimeno, Sergio Mayordomo
Apr 2018Policy NoteNo 31Opportunities and challenges for banking regulation and supervision in the digital ageJosé Manuel González-Páramo
Mar 2018Policy NoteNo 28Credit conditions and corporate investment in EuropeLaurent Maurin, Rozalia Pal, Philipp-Bastian Brutscher
Feb 2018Policy NoteNo 26Comparability of Basel risk weights in the EU banking sectorZsofia Döme, Stefan Kerbl
Aug 2017Policy NoteNo 15Technological Change and the Future of CashFrançois R. Velde
Jan 2017Policy NoteNo 10Bail-ins: Issues of Credibility and ContagionClas Wihlborg
Dec 2016Policy NoteNo 9Two turbulent centuries: Lessons from Austria’s monetary policy, 1816-2016Ernest Gnan, Clemens Jobst

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