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SUERF Policy Notes and SUERF Policy Briefs

SUERF Policy Notes & Briefs offer accessible and concise, high-quality, authoritative and informed analysis on topical issues related to European money and finance. They make research by SUERF Member institutions and academic researchers available to the SUERF network and beyond. SUERF Policy Notes & Briefs are published weekly on the SUERF webpage. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the institution(s) the author(s) is/are affiliated with.

To submit your findings to the SUERF Policy Note and Brief series please contact suerf@oenb.at.

All SUERF Policy Notes & Briefs  are available in PDF format.

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Date publishedSUERFIssueTitleAuthor(s)
Nov 2023Policy NoteNo 328Central banks’ endgame: a new policy paradigmMahmood Pradhan, Lorenzo Portelli, Tristan Perrier
Nov 2023Policy BriefNo 739How usable are capital buffers? An empirical analysis of the interaction between capital buffers and the leverage ratio since 2016Georg Leitner, Michal Dvořák, Alessandro Magi, Balázs Zsámboki
Nov 2023Policy BriefNo 736Banks’ credit forecasts excel at rank ordering but miss the evolution of lossesMartin Birn, Renzo Corrias, Christian Schmieder, Nikola Tarashev
Oct 2023Policy BriefNo 713The state-dependent impact of changes in bank capital requirementsJan Hannes Lang, Dominik Menno
Oct 2023Policy BriefNo 704Is climate policy risk priced in by European stock investors?Philippe Loyson, Rianne Luijendijk, Sweder van Wijnbergen
Sep 2023Policy NoteNo 322Central Banks: Firefighters or Pyromaniacs in Recent Crises?Marc-Olivier Strauss-Kahn
Sep 2023Policy NoteNo 320Leaving the eurozone but staying in the EU. Can it be done? And is it wise?Wim Boonstra
Sep 2023Policy BriefNo 681To use or not to use? Capital buffers and lending during a crisisVítor Oliveira, Diogo Serra
Sep 2023Policy BriefNo 680US Monetary Policy Spillovers To Emerging Markets: The Role of Trade CreditMélina London, Maéva Silvestrini
Aug 2023Policy NoteNo 317The European Commission Proposals for Reform of the Stability and Growth Pact: On the right track but not there yetJakob de Haan, Fabian Amtenbrink
Aug 2023Policy BriefNo 648 European bank performance – as good as it gets, despite recent wobbles?Jan Schildbach
Aug 2023Policy BriefNo 647Technology to combat climate change: where is investment flowing?Giulio Cornelli, Jon Frost, Leonardo Gambacorta, Ouarda Merrouche
Jul 2023Policy BriefNo 640Solving the enforcement dilemma of the EU fiscal rulesPaul Dermine, Martin Larch
Jul 2023Policy BriefNo 6342020s vs 1970s: echoes, not a replayMonica Defend, Vincent Mortier
Jul 2023Policy BriefNo 629Macroprudential policy is a key defense line against global financial shocksKatharina Bergant, Francesco Grigoli, Niels-Jakob Hansen, Damiano Sandri
Jul 2023Policy BriefNo 627Thirty Years Of The EU Single Market: Why Cross-Border Capital Flows Remain Sluggish, Despite Positive DevelopmentsSylvain Broyer, Aude Guez
Jul 2023Policy BriefNo 626Macroprudential policy in the high inflation environment: Sailing uncharted watersCarsten Detken, Ján Klacso, Reiner Martin
Jun 2023Policy BriefNo 625Who holds sovereign debt and why it mattersXiang Fang, Bryan Hardy, Karen K Lewis
Jun 2023Policy BriefNo 611Sovereign exposures of European banks - revisitedHeike Mai
Apr 2023Policy BriefNo 575Labour market differences and monetary policy in the euro areaSandra Gomes, Pascal Jacquinot, Matija Lozej
Apr 2023Policy BriefNo 571Has the euro changeover really caused extra inflation in Croatia?Matteo Falagiarda, Christine Gartner, Ivan Mužić, Andreja Pufnik
Apr 2023Policy BriefNo 569Window dressing of Regulatory Metrics: Evidence from Repo MarketsClaudio Bassi, Markus Behn, Michael Grill, Martin Waibel
Apr 2023Policy BriefNo 564The Stability and Growth Pact three decades laterJuhana Hukkinen, Matti Viren
Apr 2023Policy BriefNo 563Regulators as Risk Managers: Macroprudential Policy through a Risk Management LensDaniel Dimitrov, Sweder van Wijnbergen
Apr 2023Policy BriefNo 561Leaning against the Global Financial CycleAndrea Ferrero, Maurizio Michael Habib, Livio Stracca, Fabrizio Venditti
Mar 2023Policy BriefNo 556How prevalent are investment funds in cross-border investment?Pınar Yeşin
Feb 2023Policy BriefNo 522Macroprudential FX Regulations: Sacrificing Small Firms for Stability?María Alejandra Amado
Feb 2023Policy BriefNo 518ECB Significant-Bank Risk Profile and COVID-19 Crisis Containment Phase: What Approach in the Transitioning Phase?Bozena Gulija, Costanza Russo, Dalvinder Singh
Feb 2023Policy NoteNo 299Convergence in GDP per capita in the euro area and the EU at the time of COVID-19Mirko Licchetta, Giovanni Mattozz
Feb 2023Policy NoteNo 298European Housing Prices: A Sticky, Gradual DeclineSylvain Broyer, Marion Amiot, Boris S Glass, Aude Guez
Feb 2023Policy NoteNo 297Risk reduction vs risk sharing: A sticking point in the ongoing review of the EU fiscal framework?Martin Larch, Matthias Busse, Mateja Gabrijelcic, Laszlo Jankovics, Janis Malzubris
Jan 2023Policy BriefNo 511Eurozone Government Bond Spreads: A Tale of Different ECB Policy RegimesSylvester C W Eijffinger, Mary Pieterse-Bloem
Jan 2023Policy BriefNo 509EU fiscal rules 2.0, more carrot than stick plus greenwashing?Matthias Reith, Gunter Deuber
Jan 2023Policy BriefNo 508Bank Competition and Bargaining over RefinancingMarina Emiris, François Koulischer, Christophe Spaenjers
Jan 2023Policy BriefNo 505Adjusted regulation can improve capital buffer usability Ianna Georgieva Yordanova
Jan 2023Policy BriefNo 504Introduction of the composite indicator of cyclical systemic risk in Croatia: possibilities and limitationsTihana Škrinjarić
Dec 2022Policy BriefNo 497European Small Business Finance Outlook: SMEs in between crisesHelmut Kraemer-Eis, Antonia Botsari, Salome Gvetadze, Frank Lang, Wouter Torfs
Nov 2022Policy BriefNo 469The safe asset potential of EU-issued bondsTilman Bletzinger, William Greif, Bernd Schwaab
Nov 2022Policy BriefNo 467A tale of three crises: synergies between ECB tasksKarin Hobelsberger, Christoffer Kok, Francesco Paolo Mongelli
Nov 2022Policy BriefNo 457The Certification Role of the EU-Wide Stress Testing Exercises in the Stock Market. What Can We Learn from the Stress Tests (2014-2021)?Agha Durrani, Steven Ongena, Aurea Ponte Marques
Oct 2022Policy BriefNo 454Augmented credit-to-GDP gap as a more reliable indicator for macroprudential policy decision-makingTihana Škrinjarić
Oct 2022Policy BriefNo 444How do central bank lending operations interact with equity offering announcements?Massimo Giuliodori, Jan Kakes, Dimitris Mokas
Sep 2022Policy NoteNo 290Seven Trends That Will Shape European Power Purchase Agreements’ Path To GrowthCristian Stet
Sep 2022Policy BriefNo 432Objectified Housing Sales and Rent Prices in Representative Household Surveys: the Impact on Macroeconomic StatisticsM. Denisa Naidin, Sofie R. Waltl, Michael H. Ziegelmeyer
Sep 2022Policy BriefNo 430Central bank capitalPaul Wessels, Dirk Broeders
Sep 2022Policy BriefNo 419Was globalization just a little thing in the process of inflation? Juhana Hukkinen, Matti Viren
Sep 2022Policy BriefNo 414The effects of Monetary Policy on Capital Flows: A Meta-AnalysisMauricio Villamizar-Villegas, Lucía Arango-Lozano, Geraldine Castelblanco-Arias, Nicolás Fajardo-Baquero, María A. Ruiz-Sánchez
Sep 2022Policy BriefNo 413The EU gas savings plan ahead of a long winterMarco Protopapa
Aug 2022Policy BriefNo 402To Announce or Not To Announce: Basic Trade-offs in Public Debt ManagementAlexander Dentler, Enzo Rossi
Aug 2022Policy BriefNo 389Digital Endowments and Comparative AdvantageDario Guarascio, Roman Stöllinger
Jun 2022Policy BriefNo 363Stablecoins - DeFi, Libra and beyondHeike Mai
Jun 2022Policy BriefNo 352An innovative new measure of human capital to better assess the link between education policies and productivityBalázs Égert, Christine de la Maisonneuve, David Turner
May 2022Policy NoteNo 278Monitoring Narratives: an Application to the Equity MarketPascal Blanqué, Mohamed Ben Slimane, Amina Cherief, Théo Le Guenedal, Takaya Sekine, Lauren Stagnol
Apr 2022Policy BriefNo 316Robert Triffin and the search for Asian Monetary UnionIvo Maes, Ilaria Pasotti
Mar 2022Policy BriefNo 306ECB Communication and its Impact on Financial MarketsKlodiana Istrefi, Florens Odendahl, Giulia Sestieri
Mar 2022Policy BriefNo 305Is There Financial Exclusion when Official Lenders Are Considered?María Bru Muñoz
Mar 2022Policy NoteNo 272Financing Faster Growth For Europe’s SMEsSylvain Broyer, Sarah Limbach, Cihan Duran
Mar 2022Policy BriefNo 291The Political Economy of Currency UnionsKai Arvai
Mar 2022Policy BriefNo 289The pressing need to reform the European crisis management frameworkFernando Restoy
Feb 2022Policy BriefNo 272Global models for a global pandemic: the impact of COVID-19 on small euro area economiesPablo Garcia, Pascal Jacquinot, Črt Lenarčič, Matija Lozej, Kostas Mavromatis
Jan 2022Policy BriefNo 258Why have interest rates fallen far below the return on capital?Magali Marx, Benoît Mojon, François R. Velde
Jan 2022Policy BriefNo 255Climate actions and macro-financial stability: The role of central banksFrancesca Diluiso, Barbara Annicchiarico, Matthias Kalkuhl, Jan. C. Minx
Dec 2021Policy NoteNo 261Mortgage and real estate markets: Current developments pose risks to financial stabilityFritz Zurbrügg
Dec 2021Policy NoteNo 260Identifying lessons from the current crisis for the prudential framework of the banking system Pablo Hernández de Cos
Dec 2021Policy BriefNo 248Africa and COVID-19: Can the financial sector stay on course for a green and digital future?Debora Revoltella, Claudio Cali, Barbara Marchitto, Nina Fenton, Ricardo Santos
Dec 2021Policy NoteNo 258The importance of Private Equity and Venture Capital financing for Greentech companies in EuropeHelmut Kraemer-Eis, Antonia Botsari, Salome Gvetadze, Frank Lang, Wouter Torfs
Nov 2021Policy BriefNo 234Optimism is bad for fiscal outcomesMartin Larch, Janis Malzubris, Matthias Busse
Nov 2021Policy BriefNo 233Caveat EmptorJosé María Roldán
Nov 2021Policy BriefNo 225Population aging and the persistence of three key global trendsAndrea Papetti
Nov 2021Policy BriefNo 213The role of prudential policy in addressing climate changeFernando Restoy
Oct 2021Policy BriefNo 207The Rise in Foreign Currency Bonds: The Role of US Monetary Policy and Capital ControlsPhilippe Bacchetta, Rachel Cordonier, Ouarda Merrouche
Oct 2021Policy BriefNo 201Basel III implementation in the European UnionPablo Hernández de Cos
Oct 2021Policy BriefNo 199The impact of macroprudential policies on capital flows in CESEEMarkus Eller, Niko Hauzenberger, Florian Huber, Helene Schuberth, Lukas Vashold
Sep 2021Policy BriefNo 188The Path to Euro Area and Banking Union Membership: Assessing the Incentives for “Close Cooperation” and Adherence to the Exchange Rate Mechanism IIMaria J. Nieto, Dalvinder Singh
Sep 2021Policy BriefNo 187Can policy boost the international role of currencies? Lessons from international trade invoicingGeorgios Georgiadis, Helena Le Mezo, Arnaud Mehl, Cédric Tille
Sep 2021Policy BriefNo 184Frozen markets: Iceland’s experience with capital controlsFrancis Breedon, Thórarinn G. Pétursson, Paolo Vitale
Sep 2021Policy BriefNo 182The FX Global CodeGuy Debelle
Aug 2021Policy BriefNo 167Limits of stress-test based bank regulationTirupam Goel, Isha Agarwal
Aug 2021Policy BriefNo 166Record global FX reserves after COVID shockMichael S Hanson
Aug 2021Policy BriefNo 165Assessment of the effectiveness of the macroprudential measures implemented in the context of the Covid-19 pandemicLucas Avezum, Vítor Oliveira, Diogo Serra
Aug 2021Policy BriefNo 164Banks Fearing the Drought? Liquidity Hoarding as a Response to Idiosyncratic Interbank Funding Dry-UpsHelge C.N. Littke, Matias Ossandon Busch
Aug 2021Policy BriefNo 159On the Effectiveness of Macroprudential PolicyMiguel Ampudia, Marco Lo Duca, Mátyás Farkas, Gabriel Perez Quiros, Mara Pirovano, Gerhard Rünstler, Eugen Tereanu
Aug 2021Policy BriefNo 157Covid-19 and Capital Flows: The Responses of Investors to the Responses of GovernmentsStefan Goldbach, Volker Nitsch
Aug 2021Policy NoteNo 251Green Liquidity Moves MainstreamPatrick Drury Byrne, Sandeep Chana and Sylvain Broyer
Aug 2021Policy BriefNo 147Proportionality in banking regulation: who, what and how?Raihan Zamil
Aug 2021Policy BriefNo 144A quantitative analysis of the countercyclical capital bufferMiguel Faria e Castro
Jul 2021Policy BriefNo 132Euro area portfolio flows in 2020: the impact of the Covid-19 crisisJulia Schmidt, Olivier Sirello
Jul 2021Policy BriefNo 131Investment funds, monetary policy, and the global financial cycleChristoph Kaufmann
Jul 2021Policy BriefNo 126Intergenerational macroeconomicsGabriel Makhlouf
Jul 2021Policy BriefNo 125Monetary policy surprises trigger different responses in the housing market across European regionsWinfried Koeniger, Benedikt Lennartz, Marc-Antoine Ramelet
Jul 2021Policy BriefNo 120What is the true resilience of our financial systems to climate change with the buffers we currently have?Alejandro Díaz de León
Jun 2021Policy NoteNo 246Integrated policy frameworks: The constraints of policy horizons and adjustment frequenciesClaudio Borio and Piti Disyatat
Jun 2021Policy NoteNo 244External Vulnerabilities and Exchange Rate Pass-Through: The Case of Emerging MarketsAbdullah Kazdal, Muhammed Hasan Yılmaz
Jun 2021Policy BriefNo 100Shocks to bank capital as a driver of lending standards to corporates. What can macroprudential policy learn from bank lending surveys?Ewa Wróbel
May 2021Policy BriefNo 97Stress-Testing Net Trading Income: The Case of European BanksCarla Giglio, Frances Shaw, Nicolas Syrichas and Giuseppe Cappelletti
May 2021Policy BriefNo 93Set-up costs and the financing of young firmsFrançois Derrien, Jean-Stéphane Mésonnier, Guillaume Vuillemey
May 2021Policy BriefNo 90SPACs (special purpose acquisition companies)Mario Hübler, Jakob Hanzl, Christoph Prenner
May 2021Policy BriefNo 88Strengthening the international role of the euroGergely Hudecz, Gong Cheng, Edmund Moshammer, Alexander Raabe
May 2021Policy NoteNo 236Europe’s growth gap: reconciling Keynes and SchumpeterFrançois Villeroy de Galhau
May 2021Policy NoteNo 234Building-back-better after the Covid-19 crisis in Europe: The twin transition and divergenceMarco Buti, István P. Székely
Apr 2021Policy BriefNo 81How the Capital Markets Union can help Europe avoid a liquidity trapSylvain Broyer
Apr 2021Policy BriefNo 76The Impact of COVID-19 on European BanksShekhar Aiyar, Mai Chi Dao, Andreas A. Jobst, Aiko Mineshima, Srobona Mitra, Mahmood Pradhan
Apr 2021Policy BriefNo 75Europe: the shock of Covid-19 and the fear of accelerated zombificationHélène Baudchon, Louis Boisset, Guillaume Derrien, Kenza Charef
Apr 2021Policy BriefNo 68Banking union - achievements and challengesLuis de Guindos
Apr 2021Policy NoteNo 231The challenges to the banking sector a year after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemicPablo Hernández de Cos
Apr 2021Policy BriefNo 63The role of fiscal policies in the Covid-19 crisis: scope and limitationsNiels Thygesen
Apr 2021Policy BriefNo 62The way forward for EU-wide stress testsPedro Duarte Neves
Mar 2021Policy NoteNo 227Scarring in EuropeReza Moghadam, Markus Guetschow, Camille White
Mar 2021Policy BriefNo 54Are lower bank capital requirements an efficient policy tool for supporting credit to SMEs?Michel Dietsch, Henri Fraisse, Mathias Lé, Sandrine Lecarpentier
Feb 2021Policy BriefNo 49Should developed economies manage international capital flows? An empirical and welfare analysisDennis Bonam, Gavin Goy, Emmanuel de Veirman
Jan 2021Policy NoteNo 217The post-COVID-19 recovery: what challenges and roadmap for the banking industry?Jordi Gual
Dec 2020Policy NoteNo 215Consequences for banks’ business from COVID-19 and policy responsesFrancesco Mazzaferro
Dec 2020Policy NoteNo 210On the risk-adjusted performance of machine learning models in credit default predictionAndres Alonso, Jose Manuel Carbo
Nov 2020Policy BriefNo 36A stronger voice for Europe in global developmentWerner Hoyer
Nov 2020Policy NoteNo 209Are equity markets currently overvalued? The role of the time horizon in earnings expectationsRoberto Blanco and Irene Roibás
Nov 2020Policy NoteNo 208The world economy under Covid-19: Can emerging market economies keep the engine running?Kristel Buysse, Dennis Essers
Nov 2020Policy NoteNo 204Lessons from the Swedish anti-corona strategyLieven Noppe
Sep 2020Policy BriefNo 26Global value chains and the challenge of Covid-19Antoine Berthou, Juan Carluccio, Guillaume Gaulier
Sep 2020Policy NoteNo 191Are bank capital requirements optimally set? Evidence from researchers’ viewsGene Ambrocio, Iftekhar Hasan, Esa Jokivuolle, Kim Ristolainen
Aug 2020Policy NoteNo 189Financial integration in the Nordic-Baltic region vis-à-vis the EU: A Swedish perspectiveDavid Farelius, Stefan Ingves, Magnus Jonsson
Aug 2020Policy NoteNo 187Measuring Regulatory ComplexityJean-Edouard Colliard, Co-Pierre Georg
Jul 2020Policy BriefNo 21How effective are bank levies in reducing leverage given the debt bias of corporate income taxation?Franziska Bremus, Kirsten Schmidt, Lena Tonzer
Jun 2020Policy NoteNo 178Covalization: Europe on the Rack Between Globalization and Covid - A Historian’s Perspective on the European Union: Europe and GlobalizationHarold James
Jun 2020Policy NoteNo 176Credit Guarantees in the COVID-19 crisis – Relevance and Economic ImpactJulien Brault, Simone Signore
May 2020Policy NoteNo 169Making banking integration work for better risk sharing in the eurozone: the role of cross-border banking consolidationMathias Hoffmann
May 2020Policy NoteNo 168Cross-border consolidation in the European banking sector: between dreams and realityJan Van Hove
May 2020Policy NoteNo 163Coronavirus and the world of workMonika Kiss
May 2020Policy NoteNo 162How large is the coronavirus macro shock? Putting the near-term record-breaking shock in the long-term contextElga Bartsch, Jean Boivin, Philipp Hildebrand
Apr 2020Policy NoteNo 156Navigation tools in the semi-normal corona eraAndy Langenkamp
Apr 2020Policy NoteNo 152European banks in the corona crisisJan Schildbach
Apr 2020Policy NoteNo 149A diverse monetary union creates invisible transfers that justify conditional solidarityEnrico Perotti and Oscar Soons
Apr 2020Policy NoteNo 147Does It Fit? Tweeting on Monetary Policy and Central Bank CommunicationDonato Masciandaro, Davide Romelli, Gaia Rubera
Apr 2020Policy NoteNo 146The European Deposit Insurance Scheme: Economic Rationale, Issues and Policy SolutionsEttore Panetti
Mar 2020Policy NoteNo 139Capital Regulations and the Management of Credit Commitments during Crisis TimesPaul Pelzl, María Teresa Valderrama
Feb 2020Policy NoteNo 132The European Banking UnionMargarita Delgado
Feb 2020Policy NoteNo 130European Banking Consolidation: Can a view to the past inform current policy efforts?Peter Hahn
Jan 2020Policy NoteNo 127Europe’s role in the global financial systemLuis de Guindos
Nov 2019Policy NoteNo 110Towards a European Governance Framework for CryptoassetsJason Grant Allen, Rosa María Lastra
Oct 2019Policy NoteNo 107Tackling non-performing loans in EuropePeter Grasmann, Markus Aspegren, Nicolas Willems
Aug 2019Policy NoteNo 91How to Make Capitalism Work for All?Anita Angelovska Bezhoska
Jul 2019Policy NoteNo 87Loan portfolio diversification in the euro area, capital requirements, and the European Banking UnionEsa Jokivuolle, Matti Virén
Jul 2019Policy NoteNo 82Rethinking Capital Regulation: The Case for a Dividend Prudential Target in the Euro AreaManuel Muñoz
Jun 2019Policy NoteNo 76Chinese foreign investment: a dangerous obsession or a new normal? Get ready for the latter!Peter Havlik
May 2019Policy NoteNo 72Analysing the Economics of BREXIT and World TradeDavid T. Llewellyn
Apr 2019Policy NoteNo 68How to assess the adequacy of capital requirements based on internal models?Susanne Roehrig
Nov 2018Policy NoteNo 48Trends and Cycles in Financial IntermediationPhilip R. Lane
Nov 2018Policy NoteNo 46Global financial vulnerabilities: Get ready for a bumpy rideClaudio Borio
Oct 2018Policy NoteNo 44A Financial Union for the Euro AreaPoul M. Thomsen
Oct 2018Policy NoteNo 43A Green Supporting Factor — The Right Policy?Jacob Dankert, Lars van Doorn, Henk Jan Reinders, Olaf Sleijpen
Sep 2018Policy NoteNo 42Preserving regulatory certainty: The review of insurers’ capital requirementsGabriel Bernardino
Sep 2018Policy NoteNo 41Central banks should reflect climate risks in monetary policy operationsPierre Monnin
May 2018Policy NoteNo 35Strengthening the euro area Architecture: A proposal for Purple bondsLorenzo Bini Smaghi, Michala Marcussen
Apr 2018Policy NoteNo 30In the euro area, discipline is of the essence, but risk-sharing is no less importantDaniel Daianu
Feb 2018Policy NoteNo 26Comparability of Basel risk weights in the EU banking sectorZsofia Döme, Stefan Kerbl
Dec 2017Policy NoteNo 22Deepening the Economic and Monetary Union: the EU priorities by 2025 and beyondMarco Buti
Nov 2017Policy NoteNo 21Risk sharing in EMU: key insights from a literature reviewDemosthenes Ioannou, David Schäfer
May 2017Policy NoteNo 12(No) worries about the new shape of international capital flowsMatthieu Bussiére, Julia Schmidt, Natacha Valla
Jan 2017Policy NoteNo 10Bail-ins: Issues of Credibility and ContagionClas Wihlborg
May 2016Policy NoteNo 6Bank secrecy in offshore centres, capital flows and blacklisting: It takes two to tangoDonato Masciandaro
Apr 2016Policy NoteNo 5Some seeming paradoxes or interesting points of Russia’s economy and banking sectorStephan Barisitz
Oct 2015Policy NoteNo 2Modigliani–Miller, Basel 3 and CRD 4Morten Balling

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