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SUERF Policy Notes and SUERF Policy Briefs

SUERF Policy Notes & Briefs offer accessible and concise, high-quality, authoritative and informed analysis on topical issues related to European money and finance. They make research by SUERF Member institutions and academic researchers available to the SUERF network and beyond. SUERF Policy Notes & Briefs are published weekly on the SUERF webpage. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the institution(s) the author(s) is/are affiliated with.

To submit your findings to the SUERF Policy Note and Brief series please contact suerf@oenb.at.

All SUERF Policy Notes & Briefs  are available in PDF format.

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Date publishedSUERFIssueTitleAuthor(s)
Nov 2023Policy BriefNo 741ECB Minimum Reserves - 10% or 10% less Government Bonds?Gunter Deuber, Franz Zobl
Nov 2023Policy BriefNo 736Banks’ credit forecasts excel at rank ordering but miss the evolution of lossesMartin Birn, Renzo Corrias, Christian Schmieder, Nikola Tarashev
Nov 2023Policy BriefNo 735The Road to Paris: stress testing the transition towards a net-zero economyTina Emambakhsh, Maximilian Fuchs, Simon Kördel, Charalampos Kouratzoglou, Chiara Lelli, Riccardo Pizzeghello, Carmelo Salleo, Martina Spaggiari
Nov 2023Policy BriefNo 733Superkurtosis: High-frequency trading and risk managementStavros Degiannakis, George Filis, Grigorios Siourounis
Nov 2023Policy BriefNo 731Monetary policy rules under bounded rationalityMichael Dobrew, Rafael Gerke, Daniel Kienzler, Alexander Schwemmer
Nov 2023Policy BriefNo 722High Debt Levels Can Impede Monetary PolicyLuis Brandao-Marques, Marco Casiraghi, Gaston Gelos, Olamide Harrison, Gunes Kamber
Nov 2023Policy BriefNo 720Forecasting euro area inflation with machine learning modelsMichele Lenza, Inés Moutachaker, Joan Paredes
Nov 2023Policy BriefNo 716Who Needs an e-Yuan?Christian Pfister, Nicolas de Sèze
Oct 2023Policy BriefNo 710Energy price shocks and inflation in the euro areaStefano Neri, Fabio Busetti, Cristina Conflitti, Francesco Corsello, Davide Delle Monache, Alex Tagliabracci
Oct 2023Policy BriefNo 707The D-model for GDP nowcastingStavros Degiannakis
Oct 2023Policy BriefNo 704Is climate policy risk priced in by European stock investors?Philippe Loyson, Rianne Luijendijk, Sweder van Wijnbergen
Oct 2023Policy BriefNo 701How supply shocks drive disagreement in monetary policyCarlos Madeira, Joao Madeira, Paulo Santos Monteiro
Oct 2023Policy NoteNo 323What An Acceleration of Quantitative Tightening Could Mean For Eurozone BanksNicolas Charnay, Pierre Hollegien, Sylvain Broyer, Aude Guez
Oct 2023Policy BriefNo 693Climate risks in Latin America and the Caribbean: are banks ready for the green transition?Barbara Marchitto, Ricardo Santos, Joana Conde
Sep 2023Policy BriefNo 683Can monetary policy ignore financial stability risks?Sulkhan Chavleishvili, Manfred Kremer, Frederik Lund-Thomsen
Sep 2023Policy BriefNo 676Cash plays a key role for various groups at riskCarin van der Cruijsen, Jelmer Reijerink
Sep 2023Policy BriefNo 675How producer price changes transmit into final goods pricesEdvin Ahlander, Mikael Carlsson, Mathias Klein
Aug 2023Policy BriefNo 668Fifty Shades of QE RevisitedMartin Weale, Tomasz Wieladek
Aug 2023Policy BriefNo 665The Economics of Public Policy Leaks: New Evidence from Central BankingMichael Ehrmann, Phillipp Gnan, Kilian Rieder
Aug 2023Policy BriefNo 661Forecasting banknote circulation during the COVID-19 pandemic using structural time series modelsNikolaus Bartzsch, Marco Brandi, Lucas Devigne, Raymond de Pastor, Gianluca Maddaloni, Diana Posada Restrepo, Gabriele Sene
Aug 2023Policy NoteNo 317The European Commission Proposals for Reform of the Stability and Growth Pact: On the right track but not there yetJakob de Haan, Fabian Amtenbrink
Aug 2023Policy BriefNo 657The climate change challenge and fiscal instruments and policies in the EUAris Avgousti, Francesco Caprioli, Giacomo Caracciolo, Marion Cochard, Pietro Dallari, Mar Delgado-Téllez, João Domingues, Marien Ferdinandusse, Daniela Filip, Carolin Nerlich, Doris Prammer, Katja Schmidt, Anastasia Theofilakou
Aug 2023Policy BriefNo 653Macroprudential Policy and Bank Systemic Risk: Does Inflation Targeting Matter?Mohamed Belkhir, Sami Ben Naceur, Bertrand Candelon, Woon Gyu Choi, Farah Mugrabi
Aug 2023Policy BriefNo 652Rising energy prices and productivity: short-run pain, long-term gain?Christophe André, Hélia Costa, Lilas Demmou, Guido Franco
Aug 2023Policy BriefNo 649Do non-banks need access to the lender-of-last-resort? Evidence from fund runsJohannes Breckenfelder, Marie Hoerova
Jul 2023Policy BriefNo 640Solving the enforcement dilemma of the EU fiscal rulesPaul Dermine, Martin Larch
Jul 2023Policy BriefNo 6342020s vs 1970s: echoes, not a replayMonica Defend, Vincent Mortier
Jul 2023Policy BriefNo 630Identifying financial fragmentation in the euro areaJan Kakes, Jan Willem van den End
Jul 2023Policy BriefNo 627Thirty Years Of The EU Single Market: Why Cross-Border Capital Flows Remain Sluggish, Despite Positive DevelopmentsSylvain Broyer, Aude Guez
Jul 2023Policy BriefNo 626Macroprudential policy in the high inflation environment: Sailing uncharted watersCarsten Detken, Ján Klacso, Reiner Martin
Jun 2023Policy BriefNo 624CCP initial margin models: A peek under the hoodIsmael Alexander Boudiaf, Martin Scheicher, Francesco Vacirca
Jun 2023Policy BriefNo 620Insights into Credit Loss Rates: A Global DatabaseLi Lian Ong, Christian Schmieder, Min Wei
Jun 2023Policy BriefNo 618Misallocation and Productivity Growth: a Meta-analysisMaurice Bun, Theoplasti Kolaiti, Tolga Özden
Jun 2023Policy BriefNo 614After the crypto-winter, the spring of crypto-assets regulation and supervisionDenis Beau
Jun 2023Policy BriefNo 610Climate change risks and the energy and emission allowances market – An analysis based on EMIR dataMerel Vrolijk, Ellen van der Woerd, Elisabeth de Vogel
Jun 2023Policy BriefNo 609The effects of negative interest rates on bank market power: implications for euro area banks’ lending channel and stabilityYener Altunbas, Giuseppe Avignone, Christoffer Kok, Cosimo Pancaro
Jun 2023Policy BriefNo 607The use of surveys for monetary and economic policyLuigi Federico Signorini
May 2023Policy BriefNo 594Lessons from forecast averaging residential investmentCarlos Cañizares Martínez, Gabe de Bondt, Arne Gieseck
May 2023Policy BriefNo 590Is digitalisation the gamechanger it promised to be for firms’ productivity growth?Robert Anderton, Vasco Botelho, Paul Reimers
May 2023Policy BriefNo 589The environmental goods and services sector is the keystone of net zero: Let’s subsidize it!Eric Jondeau, Grégory Levieuge, Jean-Guillaume Sahuc, Gauthier Vermandel
May 2023Policy BriefNo 582Critical metals for the low-carbon transition: macro-financial issuesStéphane Dees, Simon Dikau, Hugh Miller, Romain Svartzman
May 2023Policy BriefNo 581On the Macroeconomic Effects of Reinvestments in Asset Purchase ProgrammesRafael Gerke, Daniel Kienzler, Alexander Scheer
May 2023Policy BriefNo 580Can machine learning help forecasting fiscal crises in emerging and developing countries?Raffaele De Marchi, Alessandro Moro
Apr 2023Policy BriefNo 563Regulators as Risk Managers: Macroprudential Policy through a Risk Management LensDaniel Dimitrov, Sweder van Wijnbergen
Apr 2023Policy BriefNo 560Evaluating the macroprudential stance in a growth-at-risk frameworkDominic Cucic, Ianna Georgieva Yordanova, Niels Framroze Møller, Simon Gade Søndergaard
Mar 2023Policy BriefNo 552The euro interest rate swap market: Recent trends in trading activity and liquidityFederico Babbi, Immo Frieden, Martin Scheicher
Mar 2023Policy BriefNo 547Conditional density forecasting: a tempered importance sampling approachCarlos Montes-Galdón, Joan Paredes, Elias Wolf
Mar 2023Policy BriefNo 544Using machine learning to measure financial risk in ChinaAlexander Al-Haschimi, Apostolos Apostolou, Andres Azqueta-Gavaldon, Martino Ricci
Mar 2023Policy BriefNo 540The Determinants of Cash Holdings: The case of FranceFranz Seitz, Lucas Devigne, Raymond de Pastor
Mar 2023Policy BriefNo 535The fear of job loss as a driver of households’ labour supplyWouter Gelade, Maud Nautet, Céline Piton
Mar 2023Policy BriefNo 534Modeling Semiconductor Export Restrictions and the US-China Trade ConflictMichael Funke, Adrian Wende
Feb 2023Policy NoteNo 301Consistent economic policies: a prerequisite for macroeconomic stabilityPablo Hernández de Cos
Feb 2023Policy BriefNo 529The effects of monetary policy across fiscal regimesRoben Kloosterman, Dennis Bonam, Koen van der Veer
Feb 2023Policy NoteNo 300Geopolitical scenarios for 2023 and beyondFranz Eder
Feb 2023Policy BriefNo 521Can Machine Learning Methods Help Nowcast GDP?Andreas Pick, Jasper de Winter
Feb 2023Policy BriefNo 519Borrower-based regulations push housing demand towards the suburbsRikke Rhode Nissen, Alessandro Tang-Andersen Martinello, Simon Juul Hviid, Christian Sinding Bentzen
Feb 2023Policy BriefNo 518ECB Significant-Bank Risk Profile and COVID-19 Crisis Containment Phase: What Approach in the Transitioning Phase?Bozena Gulija, Costanza Russo, Dalvinder Singh
Feb 2023Policy NoteNo 298European Housing Prices: A Sticky, Gradual DeclineSylvain Broyer, Marion Amiot, Boris S Glass, Aude Guez
Feb 2023Policy BriefNo 515Green Policies and Transition Risk Propagation in Production NetworksPablo Aguilar, Beatriz González, Samuel Hurtado
Jan 2023Policy BriefNo 510Bank and non-bank balance sheet responses to monetary policy shocksFédéric Holm-Hadulla, Falk Mazelis, Sebastian Rast
Jan 2023Policy BriefNo 509EU fiscal rules 2.0, more carrot than stick plus greenwashing?Matthias Reith, Gunter Deuber
Jan 2023Policy BriefNo 500The use of the Eurosystem’s monetary policy instruments and its monetary policy implementation framework in 2020 and 2021Marco Corsi, Yvo Mudde
Dec 2022Policy BriefNo 496New Frontiers in Monetary Policy Communication: Discovering Central Bank TweetingDonato Masciandaro, Oana Peia, Davide Romelli
Dec 2022Policy BriefNo 495Asset Purchases and Sovereign Risk Premia in the Euro Area during the PandemicRobert Blotevogel, Gergely Hudecz, Elisabetta Vangelista
Dec 2022Policy BriefNo 491Risk sharing and monetary policy transmissionSebastian Hauptmeier, Fédéric Holm-Hadulla, Théodore Renault
Dec 2022Policy BriefNo 489The impact of portfolio-based green monetary policy Raphael Abiry, Marien Ferdinandusse, Alexander Ludwig, Carolin Nerlich
Nov 2022Policy BriefNo 476Finance in Africa 2022: Navigating the financial landscape in turbulent timesColin Bermingham, Barbara Marchitto, Debora Revoltella
Nov 2022Policy BriefNo 474Cost efficiency in the euro area banking sector and the negative interest rate environmentGiuseppe Avignone, Claudia Girardone, Cosimo Pancaro, Livia Pancotto, Alessio Reghezza
Nov 2022Policy NoteNo 292The complex task of reforming the EU’s electricity market - Intervention options proposed by the European CommissionCristian Stet, Pablo Ruiz, Susan Hansen
Nov 2022Policy BriefNo 459Central Bank Communication with the General Public: Challenging, Yet WorthwhileAlan S. Blinder, Michael Ehrmann, Jakob de Haan, David-Jan Jansen
Oct 2022Policy BriefNo 456Digital players vs. traditional banks: Fierce competition, higher concentration or a trend towards platformization?Laurent Clerc, Timothée Dufour, Pierre Harguindeguy, Stefano Ungaro
Oct 2022Policy BriefNo 452Are governments inflating their economic forecasts ahead of elections?Davide Cipullo, André Reslow
Oct 2022Policy BriefNo 443Transition Versus Physical Climate Risk Pricing in European Financial Markets: A Text-Based ApproachGiovanna Bua, Daniel Kapp, Federico Ramella, Lavinia Rognone
Oct 2022Policy BriefNo 440Forced migration and food crisesFederico Carril-Caccia, Jordi Paniagua, Marta Suárez-Varela
Oct 2022Policy BriefNo 436The double materiality of climate physical and transition risks in the euro areaRegis Gourdel, Irene Monasterolo, Nepo Dunz, Andrea Mazzocchetti, Laura Parisi
Sep 2022Policy BriefNo 432Objectified Housing Sales and Rent Prices in Representative Household Surveys: the Impact on Macroeconomic StatisticsM. Denisa Naidin, Sofie R. Waltl, Michael H. Ziegelmeyer
Sep 2022Policy BriefNo 431Consumer Inflation Expectations and Regional Price ChangesTomasz Łyziak, Michael Pedersen, Ewa Stanisławska
Sep 2022Policy BriefNo 430Central bank capitalPaul Wessels, Dirk Broeders
Sep 2022Policy BriefNo 429Liquidity Coverage Ratios and Monetary Policy Credit in the time of CoronaViktoriya Gocheva, Yvo Mudde, Jens Tapking
Sep 2022Policy BriefNo 420Smart or Smash? The Effect of Financial Sanctions on Trade in Goods and ServicesTibor Besedeš, Stefan Goldbach, Volker Nitsch
Sep 2022Policy BriefNo 412Natural Gas in Europe: The Potential Impact of Disruptions to SupplyGabriel Di Bella, Mark Flanagan, Karim Foda, Andrea Pescatori, Alex Pienkowski, Martin Stuermer, Frederik Toscani
Aug 2022Policy NoteNo 285From SEPA to the digital euro: payments past, present and futureJohannes Asel, Simone Mingione, Petia Niederlaender, Georg Nitsche
Aug 2022Policy BriefNo 406Sustainable finance data for central banks: a new Irving Fisher Committee survey Merve Artman, Pierre Bui Quang, Nadia Esham, Nur Izzati, Leah Kling, David Nefzi, Romana Peronaci, Christine Schlitzer, Christian Schmieder, Ömer Kayhan Seyhun, Bruno Tissot, Elena Triebskorn, Huiming Yang
Aug 2022Policy BriefNo 402To Announce or Not To Announce: Basic Trade-offs in Public Debt ManagementAlexander Dentler, Enzo Rossi
Aug 2022Policy BriefNo 399The effects of internationally coordinated carbon pricing on the economy and welfareAnne Ernst, Natascha Hinterlang, Alexander Mahle, Nikolai Stähler
Aug 2022Policy BriefNo 394Flexibility in Asset Purchases: A Structural AnalysisJames Costain, Galo Nuño, Carlos Thomas
Aug 2022Policy BriefNo 393Stagflation in the 1970s: lessons for the current situationAlmira Enders, Sebastian Giesen, Dominic Quint
Jul 2022Policy BriefNo 379 Firms’ Inflation Expectations: New Evidence from FranceOlivier Coibion, Erwan Gautier, Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Frédérique Savignac
Jul 2022Policy BriefNo 375A shot in the arm: stimulus packages and firm performance during COVID-19Deniz Igan, Ali Mirzaei, Tomoe Moore
Jul 2022Policy BriefNo 367The Eurosystem’s bond market share at an all-time high: what does it mean for repo markets?Tomás Carrera de Souza, Tom Hudepohl
Jun 2022Policy BriefNo 359Scarring effects of major economic downturns: The role of fiscal policy and government investmentMartin Larch, Peter Claeys, Wouter van der Wielen
Jun 2022Policy BriefNo 355Japan’s Sovereign Rating in the Post-Pandemic Era: Quo Vadis?Jinho Choi, Alexander den Ruijter, Kimi Xu Jiang, Edmund Moshammer
Jun 2022Policy BriefNo 353How Bad Can Financial Crises Be? A GDP Tail Risk Assessment for PortugalIvan De Lorenzo Buratta, Marina Feliciano, Duarte Maia
Jun 2022Policy BriefNo 352An innovative new measure of human capital to better assess the link between education policies and productivityBalázs Égert, Christine de la Maisonneuve, David Turner
Jun 2022Policy BriefNo 345Can banks weather the green transition? The financial risks of increasingly stringent climate policiesMarco Belloni, Friderike Kuik, Luca Mingarelli
Jun 2022Policy BriefNo 342Making Subsidies Work: Rules vs. DiscretionFederico Cingano, Filippo Palomba, Paolo Pinotti, Enrico Rettore
May 2022Policy BriefNo 336Business resilience in the pandemic and beyond: Adaptation, innovation, financing and climate action from Eastern Europe to Central AsiaLuca Gattini, Rozália Pál, Helena Schweiger, Laura Valderrama
May 2022Policy BriefNo 333The effect of introducing a Loan-to-Value limit on homeownershipCindy Biesenbeek, Mauro Mastrogiacomo, Rob Alessie, Jakob de Haan
May 2022Policy BriefNo 331Caution: Do not cross! Distance to regulatory capital buffers and lending in Covid-19 timesCyril Couaillier, Marco Lo Duca, Alessio Reghezza, Costanza Rodriguez d’Acri
May 2022Policy BriefNo 330How to regulate crypto currenciesEduard de Jong
May 2022Policy BriefNo 326The impact of QE on sovereign riskDirk Broeders, Leo de Haan, Jan Willem van den End
Apr 2022Policy BriefNo 313From open banking to open financeDenis Beau
Apr 2022Policy BriefNo 310Insurers’ investments before and after the COVID-19 outbreakFederico Apicella, Raffaele Gallo, Giovanni Guazzarotti
Mar 2022Policy BriefNo 306ECB Communication and its Impact on Financial MarketsKlodiana Istrefi, Florens Odendahl, Giulia Sestieri
Mar 2022Policy NoteNo 271Financial stability and crypto-assetsPablo Hernández de Cos
Mar 2022Policy BriefNo 296The political economy of reforms in central bank designDavide Romelli
Mar 2022Policy BriefNo 290Should monetary finance remain taboo?Itai Agur, Damien Capelle, Giovanni Dell’Ariccia, Damiano Sandri
Mar 2022Policy BriefNo 285Why the impact of the health crisis in 2020 was uneven across the euro area economies?Ángel Luis Gómez, Ana del Río
Feb 2022Policy BriefNo 281GDP-linked bonds and the fear of ambiguityDeniz Igan, Taehoon Kim, Antoine Levy
Feb 2022Policy BriefNo 278The Political Phillips Curve in the Euro Area: Parliamentary Voice on ECB Monetary PolicyFederico M. Ferrara, Donato Masciandaro, Manuela Moschella, Davide Romelli
Feb 2022Policy NoteNo 265Austrian conceptions of money and the rise of digital currencyMichael Peneder
Feb 2022Policy BriefNo 272Global models for a global pandemic: the impact of COVID-19 on small euro area economiesPablo Garcia, Pascal Jacquinot, Črt Lenarčič, Matija Lozej, Kostas Mavromatis
Feb 2022Policy BriefNo 269Recovery as a springboard for changeDebora Revoltella, Tessa Bending, Atanas Kolev
Feb 2022Policy NoteNo 264High earners in the European banking sectorEmma-Faye Dertnig, Jakob Hanzl, Mario Hübler, Christoph Prenner
Jan 2022Policy BriefNo 261Firm financing and public liquidity measures during the pandemicIda Rommedahl Julin, Andreas Kuchler, Alexander Meldgaard Otte
Jan 2022Policy BriefNo 258Why have interest rates fallen far below the return on capital?Magali Marx, Benoît Mojon, François R. Velde
Dec 2021Policy BriefNo 253Money market funds in the euro area: Vulnerabilities and the role of macroprudential policyTom Hudepohl, Jeroen Huiting, Annelie Petersen
Dec 2021Policy BriefNo 250Big techs in finance: a new trade-off between efficiency and privacyFrederic Boissay, Torsten Ehlers, Leonardo Gambacorta, Hyun Song Shin
Dec 2021Policy NoteNo 260Identifying lessons from the current crisis for the prudential framework of the banking system Pablo Hernández de Cos
Dec 2021Policy BriefNo 248Africa and COVID-19: Can the financial sector stay on course for a green and digital future?Debora Revoltella, Claudio Cali, Barbara Marchitto, Nina Fenton, Ricardo Santos
Dec 2021Policy BriefNo 246Public trust only partly immune to COVID-19 pandemicCarin van der Cruijsen, Jakob de Haan, Nicole Jonker
Dec 2021Policy BriefNo 237Does competition reduce agency problems within banks?Mattia Girotti, Federica Salvadè
Nov 2021Policy BriefNo 219How do banks propagate economic shocks?Yusuf Emre Akgündüz, Seyit Mümin Cılasun, H. Özlem Dursun-de Neef, Yavuz Selim Hacıhasanoğlu, İbrahim Yarba
Oct 2021Policy BriefNo 205Mind the promotional gap! Climate-related financial policies and institutional dynamicsMoritz Baer, Emanuele Campiglio, Jérôme Deyris
Oct 2021Policy BriefNo 203The reform of the EU’s fiscal governance framework in a new macroeconomic environmentMario Alloza, Javier Andrés, Pablo Burriel, Iván Kataryniuk, Javier J. Pérez, Juan Luis Vega
Oct 2021Policy BriefNo 201Basel III implementation in the European UnionPablo Hernández de Cos
Oct 2021Policy BriefNo 200The highly heterogeneous impact of the Covid-19 crisis on French firmsBenjamin Bureau, Anne Duquerroy, Julien Giorgi, Mathias Lé, Suzanne Scott, Frédéric Vinas
Oct 2021Policy BriefNo 197How to Design a CBDC? Remuneration, Collateral Haircuts and Quantity ConstraintsKatrin Assenmacher, Aleksander Berentsen, Claus Brand, Nora Lamersdorf
Sep 2021Policy BriefNo 188The Path to Euro Area and Banking Union Membership: Assessing the Incentives for “Close Cooperation” and Adherence to the Exchange Rate Mechanism IIMaria J. Nieto, Dalvinder Singh
Sep 2021Policy BriefNo 182The FX Global CodeGuy Debelle
Sep 2021Policy NoteNo 256Ultra low interest rates from the perspective of a central bankerLars Rohde
Sep 2021Policy NoteNo 253Raising r*: Why, how, and if not now, when?Robert Holzmann, Maria T. Valderrama
Sep 2021Policy BriefNo 176Does the ECB’s monetary policy react to the balance of risks?Philippine Cour-Thimann, Alexander Jung
Sep 2021Policy BriefNo 170Pension funds’ portfolio choices and investment beliefsDirk Broeders, Kristy Jansen
Aug 2021Policy BriefNo 163Heterogeneous firm-level impact and responses to the COVID-19 crisisAlejandro Fernández-Cerezo, Beatriz González, Mario Izquierdo, Enrique Moral-Benito
Aug 2021Policy BriefNo 152Patchy data is a good start: from Kuznets and Clark to supervisors and climateFrank Elderson
Aug 2021Policy BriefNo 150Digital euro has potential in the NetherlandsMichiel Bijlsma, Carin van der Cruijsen, Nicole Jonker and Jelmer Reijerink
Aug 2021Policy BriefNo 148The role of information channels and experience for households’ inflation expectationsChristian Conrad, Zeno Enders and Alexander Glas
Aug 2021Policy NoteNo 251Green Liquidity Moves MainstreamPatrick Drury Byrne, Sandeep Chana and Sylvain Broyer
Aug 2021Policy NoteNo 250Roads for the future: Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) and Innovative PaymentsFrançois Villeroy de Galhau
Aug 2021Policy BriefNo 143The dynamics of macroeconomic downside riskBy Davide Delle Monache, Andrea De Polis and Ivan Petrella
Jul 2021Policy BriefNo 133Evidence of a macroeconomic reversal ratePaul Konietschke, Anna Samarina, Irina Stanga, Jan Willem van den End
Jul 2021Policy BriefNo 128Effects of a European Unemployment Benefit Scheme on consumption risk sharing and production efficiencyZeno Enders, David Vespermann
Jul 2021Policy BriefNo 122Barriers to net zero: How firms can make or break the green transitionRalph De Haas, Ralf Martin, Mirabelle Muûls, Helena Schweiger
Jul 2021Policy BriefNo 120What is the true resilience of our financial systems to climate change with the buffers we currently have?Alejandro Díaz de León
Jun 2021Policy BriefNo 116The euro area sovereign debt markets in the crisis: role and impact on financial stability perspectivesDenis Beau
Jun 2021Policy BriefNo 108Can central bank communication help to stabilise inflation expectations?Alexander Jung, Patrick Kuehl
Jun 2021Policy BriefNo 104The Economic Case for Global Vaccinations: An Epidemiological Model with International Production NetworksCem Çakmaklı, Selva Demiralp, Şebnem Kalemli-Özcan, Sevcan Yeşiltaş, Muhammed A. Yıldırım
Jun 2021Policy BriefNo 102Assessing the impact of Basel III: Evidence from macroeconomic modelsOlivier de Bandt, Bora Durdu, Hibiki Ichiue, Yasin Mimir, Jolan Mohimont, Kalin Nikolov, Sigrid Röhrs, Jean-Guillaume Sahuc, Valerio Scalone, Michael Straughan
May 2021Policy NoteNo 241Digital Disruption: The Inevitable Rise of CBDCChetan Ahya, Derrick Kam, Julian Richers
May 2021Policy BriefNo 98Detecting turning point in the Danish economy in real time – nowcasting in Danmarks Nationalbank during the covid-19 crisisJesper Pedersen
May 2021Policy BriefNo 93Set-up costs and the financing of young firmsFrançois Derrien, Jean-Stéphane Mésonnier, Guillaume Vuillemey
May 2021Policy BriefNo 88Strengthening the international role of the euroGergely Hudecz, Gong Cheng, Edmund Moshammer, Alexander Raabe
May 2021Policy NoteNo 236Europe’s growth gap: reconciling Keynes and SchumpeterFrançois Villeroy de Galhau
May 2021Policy BriefNo 85Navigating the Digital Transition, Maintaining a Stable Payment SystemDenis Beau
Apr 2021Policy BriefNo 80Fed’s financial stability concerns and monetary policyKlodiana Istrefi, Florens Odendahl, Giulia Sestieri
Apr 2021Policy BriefNo 77Smoke and Mirrors: On cancelling public debts held by the EurosystemJef Boeckx and Xavier Debrun
Apr 2021Policy BriefNo 75Europe: the shock of Covid-19 and the fear of accelerated zombificationHélène Baudchon, Louis Boisset, Guillaume Derrien, Kenza Charef
Apr 2021Policy BriefNo 74The Great Depression, banking crisis, and Keynes’ paradox of thriftVictor Degorce, Eric Monnet
Apr 2021Policy BriefNo 68Banking union - achievements and challengesLuis de Guindos
Apr 2021Policy NoteNo 231The challenges to the banking sector a year after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemicPablo Hernández de Cos
Apr 2021Policy BriefNo 61A backstop liquidity facility for a greener economyEric Jondeau, Benoit Mojon, Cyril Monnet
Mar 2021Policy BriefNo 58Next Generation EU: can we do better?Lorenzo Codogno, Paul van den Noord
Mar 2021Policy BriefNo 57Central bank communication with the general public: effective or not?Nils Brouwer, Jakob de Haan
Mar 2021Policy BriefNo 55Debt cancellation by the ECB: Does it make a difference?Paul de Grauwe
Feb 2021Policy NoteNo 225Sharing Economy in the Financial Industry: A Platform Approach towards Sharing in Regulatory Reporting using the Shapley ValueAaron Janowski, Moritz Plenk, Mirko Haselwander
Feb 2021Policy BriefNo 49Should developed economies manage international capital flows? An empirical and welfare analysisDennis Bonam, Gavin Goy, Emmanuel de Veirman
Feb 2021Policy BriefNo 43Nowcasting world GDP growth with high-frequency dataCaroline Jardet, Baptiste Meunier
Dec 2020Policy NoteNo 214Is NGEU a game changer for the ECB’s role in fighting the fall-out from COVID-19 in the euro area?Lukas Reiss, Maria Teresa Valderrama
Dec 2020Policy NoteNo 213COVID-19 pandemic: Perception, confusion and conspiraciesStefan Schneider
Dec 2020Policy BriefNo 39Thriving in a post-pandemic worldDebora Revoltella, Pedro de Lima
Dec 2020Policy BriefNo 38Limits of the MarketPaul De Grauwe
Dec 2020Policy NoteNo 211Preparing for a higher inflation regimeElga Bartsch, Jean Boivin, Philipp Hildebrand
Nov 2020Policy NoteNo 208The world economy under Covid-19: Can emerging market economies keep the engine running?Kristel Buysse, Dennis Essers
Oct 2020Policy NoteNo 202Policy revolutionElga Bartsch, Jean Boivin, Stanley Fischer, Philipp Hildebrand
Oct 2020Policy NoteNo 201Central banks’ response to the “tragedy on the horizon”François Villeroy de Galhau
Oct 2020Policy BriefNo 33Update of the European Fiscal Monitor (September 2020)Willem-Pieter de Groen, Inna Oliinyk
Oct 2020Policy BriefNo 31Monitoring economic activity in times of Covid-19: moving up to higher frequencyBarbara Castelletti, Marie Delorme, Pavel Diev, Yannick Kalantzis, Antoine Lalliard, Matteo Mogliani
Aug 2020Policy BriefNo 23Eurozone in times of Covid-19: Debt monetisation by stealthPeter Vanden Houte
Jul 2020Policy NoteNo 185The Macroeconomic Impact of NPLs in Euro Area CountriesIvan Huljak, Reiner Martin, Diego Moccero, Cosimo Pancaro
Jul 2020Policy NoteNo 184Special Update of the European Fiscal MonitorWillem-Pieter de Groen, Inna Oliinyk, Sander van Veldhuizen
Jul 2020Policy BriefNo 20How firms are adapting to the lockdown: insights from text miningMathilde Gerardin, Martial Ranvier
Jul 2020Policy NoteNo 183Retail Central Bank Digital Currencies: means of payment vs store of valueSantiago Fernández de Lis, Pablo Urbiola
Jun 2020Policy NoteNo 179The need for a new financial architecture after CORONA, an opinionFreddy Van den Spiegel
May 2020Policy NoteNo 172Does the EU convergence machine still work and how will the Covid-19 crisis impact it?Patrick Bisciari, Dennis Essers, Evelien Vincent
May 2020Policy BriefNo 9ECB needs to finance Corona budget deficitsPaul De Grauwe
May 2020Policy NoteNo 162How large is the coronavirus macro shock? Putting the near-term record-breaking shock in the long-term contextElga Bartsch, Jean Boivin, Philipp Hildebrand
May 2020Policy BriefNo 7Covid-19 policy response and the role of the EIBDebora Revoltella
Apr 2020Policy BriefNo 4How the economy will recover from the Corona shockJörg Krämer and Bernd Weidensteiner
Apr 2020Policy BriefNo 3What central banks have done to help the economy survive Covid-19Florens Odendahl, Adrian Penalver, and Urszula Szczerbowicz
Apr 2020Policy BriefNo 2Politics and Economics of Global CurrenciesPaul De Grauwe
Apr 2020Policy NoteNo 148Reflections on the health and financial crisisJacques de Larosière
Apr 2020Policy NoteNo 147Does It Fit? Tweeting on Monetary Policy and Central Bank CommunicationDonato Masciandaro, Davide Romelli, Gaia Rubera
Mar 2020Policy NoteNo 139Capital Regulations and the Management of Credit Commitments during Crisis TimesPaul Pelzl, María Teresa Valderrama
Feb 2020Policy NoteNo 133Making sure your bot colleague is less biased than you!Frank De Jonghe
Feb 2020Policy NoteNo 132The European Banking UnionMargarita Delgado
Feb 2020Policy NoteNo 129How Could Central Bank Digital Currencies Be Designed?Itai Agur, Anil Ari, Giovanni Dell’Ariccia
Jan 2020Policy NoteNo 127Europe’s role in the global financial systemLuis de Guindos
Nov 2019Policy NoteNo 113Ten years after Lehman, is the financial system safer?Denis Beau
Oct 2019Policy NoteNo 105Dealing with the next downturn: From unconventional monetary policy to unprecedented policy coordination Elga Bartsch, Jean Boivin, Stanley Fischer, Philipp Hildebrand
Sep 2019Policy NoteNo 98Making the most of the EMU: Challenges and opportunities for structural reformsLuiz de Mello
Sep 2019Policy NoteNo 93European Economic and Monetary Union: from the Past into the FutureJean-Claude Trichet
Aug 2019Policy NoteNo 90Restricting or Abolishing Cash: An Effective Instrument for Eliminating the Shadow Economy, Corruption and Terrorism?Friedrich Schneider
Apr 2019Policy NoteNo 64The Euro Area: Staying the Course through Uncertainties François Villeroy de Galhau
Apr 2019Policy NoteNo 63The Euro Area: Creating a Stronger Economic EcosystemChristine Lagarde
Feb 2019Policy NoteNo 57Creating an enabling environment for innovation and digitalisationDebora Revoltella, Tim Bending, Christoph Weiss, Philipp-Bastian Brutscher
Jan 2019Policy NoteNo 52Monetary Policy beyond normalizationMaria Demertzis
Jan 2019Policy NoteNo 51Africa needs investments beyond its pockets of growthOlivier de Boysson, Clément Gillet
Dec 2018Policy NoteNo 49Bank business models: time to actRudi Vander Vennet
Oct 2018Policy NoteNo 43A Green Supporting Factor — The Right Policy?Jacob Dankert, Lars van Doorn, Henk Jan Reinders, Olaf Sleijpen
Nov 2017Policy NoteNo 21Risk sharing in EMU: key insights from a literature reviewDemosthenes Ioannou, David Schäfer
Aug 2017Policy NoteNo 15Technological Change and the Future of CashFrançois R. Velde
Feb 2016Policy NoteNo 4Gender diversity and monetary policyDonato Masciandaro, Paola Profeta, Davide Romelli

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